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Redis中灵活结合SET和SETEX的方法及多语言工具库实现

news 2025/8/14 8:59:02

Redis中灵活结合SET和SETEX的方法及多语言工具库实现

本文介绍如何结合Redis的SET和SETEX命令实现灵活的键值操作，并提供Python、C++和Golang的封装工具库源码。

一、设计思路

通过创建统一的set函数整合两种操作：

支持永不过期（使用SET）和可过期数据（使用SETEX）
支持批量操作和异步执行
封装连接池管理
支持标准JSON序列化

二、Python实现

# redis_tool.py
import json
import redis
from typing import Union, Anyclass RedisTool:def __init__(self, host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, pool_size=10):self.pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host=host, port=port, db=db, max_connections=pool_size)def _get_conn(self):return redis.Redis(connection_pool=self.pool)def set(self,key: str,value: Union[dict, list, str, bytes],expire: int = 0  # 0表示永不过期) -> bool:"""存储数据（支持JSON和二进制）"""conn = self._get_conn()# 序列化处理if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):value = json.dumps(value)elif not isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):raise TypeError("Unsupported value type")# 选择命令if expire > 0:return conn.setex(key, expire, value)return conn.set(key, value)def get(self, key: str, parse_json: bool = False) -> Any:"""获取数据（支持JSON解析）"""conn = self._get_conn()result = conn.get(key)if result and parse_json:return json.loads(result)return resultdef batch_set(self, items: dict, expire: int = 0):"""批量设置键值"""conn = self._get_conn()pipe = conn.pipeline()for key, value in items.items():if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):value = json.dumps(value)if expire > 0:pipe.setex(key, expire, value)else:pipe.set(key, value)pipe.execute()

三、C++实现（基于hiredis）

// redis_tool.hpp
#include <hiredis/hiredis.h>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>class RedisTool {
public:RedisTool(const std::string& host = "127.0.0.1", int port = 6379) : context_(redisConnect(host.c_str(), port)) {}~RedisTool() {redisFree(context_);}bool set(const std::string& key, const std::string& value, int expire = 0) {redisReply* reply = nullptr;if (expire > 0) {reply = (redisReply*)redisCommand(context_, "SETEX %s %d %b", key.c_str(), expire, value.data(), value.size());} else {reply = (redisReply*)redisCommand(context_, "SET %s %b", key.c_str(), value.data(), value.size());}bool success = reply && reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_STATUS;freeReplyObject(reply);return success;}bool set_json(const std::string& key, const nlohmann::json& value, int expire = 0) {return set(key, value.dump(), expire);}std::string get(const std::string& key) {redisReply* reply = (redisReply*)redisCommand(context_, "GET %s", key.c_str());std::string result;if (reply && reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_STRING) {result = std::string(reply->str, reply->len);}freeReplyObject(reply);return result;}template<typename T>T get_json(const std::string& key) {auto str = get(key);return nlohmann::json::parse(str).get<T>();}private:redisContext* context_;
};

四、Golang实现

// redis_tool.go
package redis_toolimport ("context""encoding/json""time""github.com/go-redis/redis/v8"
)type RedisClient struct {client *redis.Clientctx    context.Context
}func NewRedisClient(addr string, db int) *RedisClient {return &RedisClient{client: redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{Addr: addr,DB:   db,}),ctx: context.Background(),}
}func (rc *RedisClient) Set(key string, value interface{}, expiration time.Duration) error {// 自动序列化JSONvar val interface{}switch v := value.(type) {case string, []byte:val = vdefault:data, err := json.Marshal(v)if err != nil {return err}val = data}return rc.client.Set(rc.ctx, key, val, expiration).Err()
}func (rc *RedisClient) Get(key string) (string, error) {return rc.client.Get(rc.ctx, key).Result()
}func (rc *RedisClient) GetJSON(key string, v interface{}) error {data, err := rc.client.Get(rc.ctx, key).Bytes()if err != nil {return err}return json.Unmarshal(data, v)
}func (rc *RedisClient) BatchSet(items map[string]interface{}, expiration time.Duration) {pipe := rc.client.Pipeline()for k, v := range items {pipe.Set(rc.ctx, k, v, expiration)}pipe.Exec(rc.ctx)
}

五、使用示例

Python:

tool = RedisTool()
tool.set("user:1", {"name": "John", "age": 30}, expire=3600)  # 带过期时间
user = tool.get("user:1", parse_json=True)

C++:

RedisTool rt;
rt.set_json("config:app", {{"theme", "dark"}, {"lang", "en"}}, 86400);
auto config = rt.get_json<nlohmann::json>("config:app");

Golang:

client := NewRedisClient("localhost:6379", 0)
client.Set("cache:homepage", "<html>...</html>", 10*time.Minute)var user User
client.GetJSON("user:100", &user)