WPF---数据模版
教程：微软文档
1.定义
数据模版就是数据的外衣，这个外衣的颜色，展示的内容和形式，可以由用户自定义。即数据的表象形式。
2.常用知识
2.1 数据模版的定义
- 指明Key的定义
<DataTemplate x:Key="taskDataTemplate"><StackPanel Margin="5" Orientation="Horizontal"><CheckBox Margin="5,0,10,0" IsChecked="{Binding IsDone}" /><TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Text="{Binding Name}" /></StackPanel>
</DataTemplate>
- 指明类的定义
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Task}"><StackPanel Margin="5" Orientation="Horizontal"><CheckBox Margin="5,0,10,0" IsChecked="{Binding IsDone}" /><Border x:Name="border" BorderBrush="Yellow" BorderThickness="3"><TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Text="{Binding Description}" /></Border></StackPanel><DataTemplate.Triggers><DataTrigger Binding="{Binding TaskType}"><DataTrigger.Value><local:TaskType>home</local:TaskType></DataTrigger.Value><Setter TargetName="border" Property="Background" Value="LightGreen" /></DataTrigger></DataTemplate.Triggers>
</DataTemplate>
注意： 此 DataTemplate 会自动应用于所有 Task 对象。 请注意，在这种情况下，x:Key 是隐式设置的。 因此，如果为此 DataTemplate 分配 x:Key 值，你将替代隐式 x:Key，并且不会自动应用 DataTemplate。
2.2 数据模版的DataTrigger
同上
2.3 为数据选择数据模版
- 写一类继承自 DataTemplateSelector 并重写方法 SelectTemplate
public class TaskListDataTemplateSelector : DataTemplateSelector
{public override DataTemplate SelectTemplate(object item, DependencyObject container){FrameworkElement element = container as FrameworkElement;if (element != null && item != null && item is Task){Task taskitem = item as Task;if (taskitem.Priority == 1)returnelement.FindResource("importantTaskTemplate") as DataTemplate;elsereturnelement.FindResource("taskDataTemplate") as DataTemplate;}return null;}
}
- 在资源里面引用这个数据模版选择器
<local:TaskListDataTemplateSelector x:Key="taskSelector"/>
- 在使用数据模版的控件里面使用属性：ItemTemplateSelector
<ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource myTodoList}}" ItemTemplateSelector="{StaticResource taskSelector}" />符完整实例
<Windowx:Class="Study04_数据模版.MainWindow"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Study04_数据模版"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"Title="MainWindow"Width="800"Height="450"mc:Ignorable="d"><Window.Resources><local:Tasks x:Key="myTodoList" /><DataTemplate x:Key="taskDataTemplate"><StackPanel Margin="5" Orientation="Horizontal"><CheckBox Margin="5,0,10,0" IsChecked="{Binding IsDone}" /><TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Text="{Binding Name}" /></StackPanel></DataTemplate><DataTemplate x:Key="importantTaskTemplate"><StackPanel Margin="5" Orientation="Vertical"><CheckBox Margin="5,0,10,0" IsChecked="{Binding IsDone}" /><Border BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="2" ><TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Text="{Binding Name}" /></Border><TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Text="{Binding Description}" /></StackPanel></DataTemplate><DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Task}"><StackPanel Margin="5" Orientation="Horizontal"><CheckBox Margin="5,0,10,0" IsChecked="{Binding IsDone}" /><Border x:Name="border" BorderBrush="Yellow" BorderThickness="3"><TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Text="{Binding Description}" /></Border></StackPanel><DataTemplate.Triggers><DataTrigger Binding="{Binding TaskType}"><DataTrigger.Value><local:TaskType>home</local:TaskType></DataTrigger.Value><Setter TargetName="border" Property="Background" Value="LightGreen" /></DataTrigger></DataTemplate.Triggers></DataTemplate><local:TaskListDataTemplateSelector x:Key="taskSelector"/></Window.Resources><Grid><!--<ListBox Margin="10,10,10,10" ItemTemplate="{Binding Source={StaticResource taskDataTemplate}}" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource myTodoList}}" />--><!--<ListBox Margin="10,10,10,10" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource myTodoList}}" />--><ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource myTodoList}}" ItemTemplateSelector="{StaticResource taskSelector}" /></Grid>
</Window>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;namespace Study04_数据模版
{public class Tasks : ObservableCollection<Task>{public Tasks(){Add(new Task { Name = "Task 1", Description = "Description for Task 1", Priority = 1, TaskType = TaskType.work });Add(new Task { Name = "Task 2", Description = "Description for Task 2", Priority = 2, TaskType = TaskType.home });Add(new Task { Name = "Task 3", Description = "Description for Task 3", Priority = 3, TaskType = TaskType.work });}}public class Task{public string Name { get; set; }public string Description { get; set; }public int Priority { get; set; }public TaskType TaskType { get; set; }public override string ToString(){return Description.ToString();}}public enum TaskType{home,work,}public class TaskListDataTemplateSelector : DataTemplateSelector{public override DataTemplate SelectTemplate(object item, DependencyObject container){FrameworkElement element = container as FrameworkElement;if (element != null && item != null && item is Task){Task taskitem = item as Task;if (taskitem.Priority == 1)returnelement.FindResource("importantTaskTemplate") as DataTemplate;elsereturnelement.FindResource("taskDataTemplate") as DataTemplate;}return null;}}
}
3 其它示例
3.1 示例一
- 定义数据模版
<DataTemplate x:Key="ControlATemplate"><local:RecipeInfoUC DataContext="{Binding DataContext.Parameter, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=ContentControl}, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />
</DataTemplate><!-- 控件B的模板 - 当IsRework为True时使用 -->
<DataTemplate x:Key="ControlBTemplate"><local:RecipeReworkUC DataContext="{Binding DataContext.Parameter, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=ContentControl}, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />
</DataTemplate>- 定义数据模版选择器
/// <summary>/// 模板选择器 - 根据IsRework的值选择对应的模板/// </summary>public class ReworkTemplateSelector : DataTemplateSelector{/// <summary>/// 控件A的模板属性/// </summary>public DataTemplate ControlATemplate { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 控件B的模板属性/// </summary>public DataTemplate ControlBTemplate { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 模版选择方法/// </summary>/// <param name="item"></param>/// <param name="container"></param>/// <returns>模版</returns>public override DataTemplate SelectTemplate(object item, DependencyObject container){// 检查item是否为bool类型if (item is bool isRework){// 根据IsRework的值返回对应的模板return isRework ? ControlBTemplate : ControlATemplate;}// 默认返回控件B的模板return ControlBTemplate;}}
- 在资源中引用数据模版
<local:ReworkTemplateSelector x:Key="ReworkTemplateSelector" ControlATemplate="{StaticResource ControlATemplate}" ControlBTemplate="{StaticResource ControlBTemplate}" />
- 使用数据模版选择器
<ContentControl Content="{Binding HasReWorkCamera}" ContentTemplateSelector="{StaticResource ReworkTemplateSelector}" />