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Spring MVC体系结构和处理请求控制器

news 2025/8/1 14:24:13

1. Spring MVC是什么

环境搭建⭐：

导入依赖：

    <!--spring-mvc--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><!--文件上传--><dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.3.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.3.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.4</version></dependency><!--json--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.33</version></dependency>

配置spring-mvc文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><!--控制器mvc路径，启动注解--><context:component-scan base-package="com.zb.controller"/><!--设置字符串编码--><mvc:annotation-driven><mvc:message-converters><bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter"><property name="supportedMediaTypes"><list><value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value><value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value></list></property></bean></mvc:message-converters></mvc:annotation-driven><!--&lt;!&ndash;上传文件的配置内容&ndash;&gt;--><!--<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">--><!--<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property>--><!--<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"></property>--><!--</bean>--></beans>

配置web. xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"><!--解决跨域问题--><filter><filter-name>corsFilter</filter-name><filter-class>com.zb.filters.CorsFilters</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>corsFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!--解决字符编码问题--><filter><filter-name>myEncodeing</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>myEncodeing</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!--servlet将经由spring-mvc处理--><servlet><servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml;classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

创建controller

2. 注解驱动控制器

3. Spring MVC请求处理流程

4. Spring MVC体系结构

5. 参数传递⭐

在 Spring 框架中，@RestController 是一个组合注解，用于标识一个类作为 RESTful 风格的控制器。它结合了 @Controller 和 @ResponseBody 的功能，意味着该控制器中的所有方法默认都会将返回值直接写入 HTTP 响应体中，而不是通过视图解析器渲染视图。是最常用的控制器风格。

spring-mvc有四种不同的传参方式：