Ubuntu-18.04-bionic 的apt的/etc/apt/sources.list 更换国内镜像软件源 笔记250702
Ubuntu-18.04-bionic 的apt的/etc/apt/sources.list更换国内镜像软件源 笔记250702
为 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS(代号 Bionic Beaver)更换 /etc/apt/sources.list
为国内镜像源
备份/etc/apt/sources.list
文件
sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # 备份原始文件
sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.original.bak # 备份原始文件
备份之前文件,带时间戳
filePath=/etc/apt/sources.list ; cp -a ${filePath} ${filePath}.$(date +%0y%0m%0d_%0H%0M%0S_%0N).bak
fileURI=/etc/apt/sources.list ; cp -a ${fileURI} ${fileURI}.$(date +%0y%0m%0d_%0H%0M%0S_%0N).bak
filePathURI=/etc/apt/sources.list ; cp -a ${filePathURI} ${filePathURI}.$(date +%0y%0m%0d_%0H%0M%0S_%0N).bak
原版 /etc/apt/sources.list
文件的内容 - Ubuntu-Server 18.04.6 LTS
# # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.6 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20210915.2)]/ bionic main restricted#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.6 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20210915.2)]/ bionic main restricted# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partnerdeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list
文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list # 或使用 vim/gedit
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
阿里云源(推荐,稳定性高)
方式1: 用替换方式将 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
和 security.ubuntu.com
都替换为 mirrors.aliyun.com
例如用vim替换
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g
替换 security.ubuntu.com
:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g
方式2: 完整内容替换
带源码, deb-src 开头的行会下载源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
注释掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
去掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
清华大学源(支持 HTTPS)
方式1: 用替换方式将 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
和 security.ubuntu.com
都替换为 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
例如用vim替换
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g
替换 security.ubuntu.com
:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g
也可以用 mirrors4
和 mirrors6
, mirrors4
使用IPv4, mirrors6
使用IPv6, mirrors
自动选择
mirrors4 替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g
mirrors4替换 security.ubuntu.com
:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g
mirrors6 替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g
mirrors6替换 security.ubuntu.com
:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g
方式2: 完整内容替换
带源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
注释掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
去掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
mirrors自动ipv4v6
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
mirrors4使用ipv4
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
mirrors6使用ipv6
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
中科大源(教育网优化)
方式1: 用替换方式将 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
和 security.ubuntu.com
都替换为 mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
例如用vim替换
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g
替换 security.ubuntu.com
:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g
方式2: 完整内容替换
deb-src 带源码下载
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
注释掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
去掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
💻 三、图形界面更换(可选)
- 打开 Software & Updates(通过系统搜索或
sudo software-properties-gtk
)。 - 在 Ubuntu Software 标签页 → Download from 下拉菜单 → 选择 Other。
- 从列表中选择 China → 镜像源(如
mirrors.aliyun.com
)或点击 Select Best Server 自动测试最快源。
⚠️ 四、注意事项
- 系统代号一致性:所有条目中的
bionic
必须保留(Ubuntu 18.04 专属代号)。 - 协议选择:
- HTTPS 源更安全,若遇到证书错误可改用 HTTP。
- 阿里云、163 源默认使用 HTTP;清华、中科大推荐 HTTPS。
- 更新失败处理:
- 检查网络连接和镜像源是否可用。
- 恢复备份:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
。
- 速度测试建议:可依次尝试阿里云、清华、中科大源,通过
sudo apt update
观察下载速度。
💎 五、其他参考源
- 163 源:
http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
- 华为云源:
http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/
- 腾讯云源:
http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/
更换后,使用 sudo apt update
验证是否从新源拉取数据。若需进一步优化,可定期清理缓存(sudo apt clean
)或移除无用依赖(sudo apt autoremove
)。
1️⃣ 参考 1
为 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS(代号 Bionic Beaver)更换 /etc/apt/sources.list
为国内镜像源,可显著提升软件下载速度。以下是详细步骤及常见镜像源配置:
🔧 一、更换步骤(命令行方式)
1. 备份原配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # 备份原始文件
2. 编辑 sources.list
文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list # 或使用 vim/gedit
清空原内容,粘贴以下任一镜像源配置(需保留 bionic
系统代号):
3. 更新软件列表
sudo apt update # 刷新软件包列表
sudo apt upgrade # 可选:升级已安装软件
🌐 二、国内主流镜像源配置(任选其一)
1. 阿里云源(推荐,稳定性高)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
2. 清华大学源(支持 HTTPS)
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
3. 中科大源(教育网优化)
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
💻 三、图形界面更换(可选)
- 打开 Software & Updates(通过系统搜索或
sudo software-properties-gtk
)。 - 在 Ubuntu Software 标签页 → Download from 下拉菜单 → 选择 Other。
- 从列表中选择 China → 镜像源(如
mirrors.aliyun.com
)或点击 Select Best Server 自动测试最快源。
⚠️ 四、注意事项
- 系统代号一致性:所有条目中的
bionic
必须保留(Ubuntu 18.04 专属代号)。 - 协议选择:
- HTTPS 源更安全,若遇到证书错误可改用 HTTP。
- 阿里云、163 源默认使用 HTTP;清华、中科大推荐 HTTPS。
- 更新失败处理:
- 检查网络连接和镜像源是否可用。
- 恢复备份:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
。
- 速度测试建议:可依次尝试阿里云、清华、中科大源,通过
sudo apt update
观察下载速度。
💎 五、其他参考源
- 163 源:
http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
- 华为云源:
http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/
- 腾讯云源:
http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/
更换后,使用 sudo apt update
验证是否从新源拉取数据。若需进一步优化,可定期清理缓存(sudo apt clean
)或移除无用依赖(sudo apt autoremove
)。
2️⃣ 参考 2
以下是针对Ubuntu 18.04(Bionic Beaver)更换国内镜像源的详细步骤指南,包含清华大学、阿里云、中科大等常用镜像源配置:
一、操作前准备:备份原文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
此步骤可防止配置错误导致系统无法更新,备份文件可在需要时恢复。
二、选择镜像源并编辑配置文件
1. 清华大学镜像源(推荐)
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
粘贴以下内容(删除原有内容):
# 主仓库
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse# 更新仓库
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# 安全更新
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse# 回滚版本(谨慎启用)
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 测试版仓库(不建议普通用户启用)
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
2. 阿里云镜像源
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
粘贴以下内容:
# 二进制包源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# 源代码包源(可选)
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# 不稳定源(谨慎启用)
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3. 中科大镜像源
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
粘贴以下内容:
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
三、更新软件源列表
sudo apt update
此命令会刷新本地缓存,使新配置生效。
四、升级系统软件(可选)
sudo apt upgrade -y
此步骤会将已安装的软件包升级到最新版本,建议定期执行。
五、验证配置
-
测试下载速度:
尝试安装一个小型工具(如curl
)测试速度:sudo apt install curl -y
-
检查源状态:
运行apt update
时观察输出,确保无404错误或连接超时。
六、常见问题
-
如何恢复官方源?
执行备份恢复命令:sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt update
-
镜像源选择建议:
- 清华/阿里云/中科大源速度较快,优先选择。
- 定期更新系统(
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
)以确保安全。
-
源码仓库(deb-src):
默认注释源码仓库以提高速度,如需编译软件可取消注释。
通过以上步骤,您可显著提升Ubuntu 18.04的软件安装与更新速度。
3️⃣ 参考 3
以下是 Ubuntu 18.04 更换国内 APT 镜像源的详细步骤,确保操作安全且高效:
1. 备份原源文件
在修改前备份原文件,防止操作失误导致系统异常:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2. 编辑源文件
使用文本编辑器(如 nano
或 vim
)修改 /etc/apt/sources.list
:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
3. 替换为国内镜像源
删除文件中的原有内容,并粘贴以下对应镜像的源配置:
阿里云源(推荐)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
4. 保存并退出
- Nano 编辑器:按
Ctrl + O
保存,按Ctrl + X
退出。 - Vim 编辑器:按
Esc
,输入:wq
保存并退出。
5. 更新软件包列表
运行以下命令更新本地软件包索引:
sudo apt update
6. 升级系统(可选)
升级已安装的软件包:
sudo apt upgrade
注意事项
-
版本代号(bionic)
Ubuntu 18.04 的版本代号是bionic
,确保所有源地址中包含该代号。 -
网络问题
- 如果更新失败,检查网络连接或尝试其他镜像源(如清华源、中科大源)。
- 若使用 HTTPS 源(如清华源),需确保系统已安装
apt-transport-https
:sudo apt install apt-transport-https
-
图形化工具(可选)
使用图形界面工具Software & Updates
更换源:sudo software-properties-gtk
在 “Ubuntu Software” 选项卡中选择 “Other…”,然后选择国内镜像(如阿里云或清华源)。
-
恢复默认源
如果更换源后系统异常,可通过备份文件恢复:sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt update
常见问题
1. 源配置错误
- 错误提示:
404 Not Found
或HTTP 404
解决方法:检查源地址是否正确,确保bionic
存在且未过期。
2. 混合使用官方源和镜像源
- 不建议同时使用官方源和镜像源,否则可能导致依赖冲突。
3. 源文件格式问题
- 确保每行结尾无多余空格或符号(如多余的
#
或//
)。
通过以上步骤,你可以显著提升 Ubuntu 18.04 的软件更新和安装速度!如果仍有问题,请检查网络或尝试其他镜像源。
4️⃣ 参考 4
下面为你介绍如何将Ubuntu 18.04系统的/etc/apt/sources.list
替换成国内镜像软件源。
操作步骤
- 备份原始文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
- 编辑源列表文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
- 选择合适的国内镜像源
将文件中的原有内容替换为以下任一镜像源的内容:
阿里云镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华大学镜像源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
中国科学技术大学镜像源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
-
保存修改
按Ctrl+O
保存文件,按Ctrl+X
退出编辑器。 -
更新软件包索引
sudo apt update
- 升级已安装的软件包
sudo apt upgrade
注意事项
- 如果你使用的是Ubuntu 18.04的LTS版本,以上镜像源配置应该能正常工作。
- 如果你使用的是其他版本的Ubuntu,请相应调整镜像源中的版本代号(如
bionic
对应18.04,focal
对应20.04等)。 - 如果你在中国大陆地区,使用国内镜像源可以显著提高软件包的下载速度。
- 如果你遇到网络问题,可以尝试切换到其他镜像源,或者暂时使用官方源。
5️⃣ 参考 5
Ubuntu 18.04 更换 APT 软件源为国内镜像源步骤
1. 备份原配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
此命令创建原始源的备份,防止操作失误。
2. 检查现有源配置
grep -r "bionic" /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
- 检查主文件(
sources.list
)和子目录(sources.list.d/
)中的重复配置 - 若发现重复条目(如
xenial-partner.list
),需注释或删除
3. 编辑软件源文件
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list # 或使用 nano/vim
删除所有内容,替换为国内镜像源(以阿里云为例):
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
关键说明
bionic
是 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版代号- 其他可选镜像源:
- 清华大学:
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
- 中科大:
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
4. 更新软件包列表
sudo apt-get update
- 成功标志:显示新镜像源地址(如
mirrors.aliyun.com
)且无报错 - 若出现
W: 目标被配置多次
错误,需检查步骤2的重复项
5. 升级系统(可选)
sudo apt-get upgrade
此命令安装可用更新
常见问题解决
-
重复配置警告
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*xenial*.list # 删除冲突文件
-
找不到 bionic 条目
检查是否误用其他版本代号(如xenial
),确保所有条目包含bionic
-
HTTPS 证书问题
将源地址中的https
改为http
,或安装CA证书:sudo apt install ca-certificates
验证版本:执行
lsb_release -a
确认系统版本为 Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)
6️⃣ 参考 6
以下是Ubuntu 18.04(代号 bionic
)更换 /etc/apt/sources.list
为国内镜像源的完整步骤,综合多个权威来源整理而成:
🔧 一、操作步骤
-
📂 备份原有源列表
避免操作失误,务必先备份原始文件:sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
引用来源:[citation:1][citation:4][citation:6]
-
✍️ 编辑源列表文件
使用文本编辑器(如nano
、vim
或gedit
)打开文件:sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list # 命令行推荐 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list # 图形界面推荐
删除原有内容,粘贴以下任一国内镜像源配置👇。
🌐 二、国内镜像源配置模板
选项1:阿里云镜像源(推荐,稳定性高)[citation:3][citation:6]
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 注释不稳定源(如需启用请手动取消注释)
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
选项2:清华大学镜像源[citation:1][citation:2]
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布源默认禁用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
选项3:网易163源[citation:5]
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
🔄 三、应用新配置
-
🔄 更新软件源列表
保存文件后执行:sudo apt update
若出现
忽略
或404
错误,检查镜像源地址是否包含bionic
(Ubuntu 18.04代号)[citation:4][citation:6]。 -
⏫ 升级已安装软件(可选)
sudo apt upgrade
7️⃣ 参考 7
在 Ubuntu-18.04 中更换 /etc/apt/sources.list
为国内镜像软件源可以按照以下步骤操作:
-
备份原文件
- 首先,使用命令行对原来的
sources.list
文件进行备份,以防止出现错误无法恢复。可以使用以下命令:sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
- 首先,使用命令行对原来的
-
编辑 sources.list 文件
- 使用文本编辑器打开
/etc/apt/sources.list
文件。可以选择使用nano
或vim
等编辑器,例如使用nano
编辑器的命令是sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
。 - 删除或注释掉文件中原来的所有内容。可以通过在每一行开头添加 “
#
” 来注释内容。
- 使用文本编辑器打开
-
添加国内镜像源(以下是一些常见的国内镜像源)
-
阿里云镜像源
- 将以下内容添加到文件中:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- 将以下内容添加到文件中:
-
清华大学镜像源
- 添加以下内容:
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
- 添加以下内容:
-
中科大镜像源
- 添加以下内容:
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- 添加以下内容:
-
-
更新软件包列表
- 保存并关闭
/etc/apt/sources.list
文件后,运行以下命令更新软件包列表,使新的镜像源生效:sudo apt-get update
- 保存并关闭
这样就完成了 Ubuntu-18.04 的 /etc/apt/sources.list
更换为国内镜像软件源的操作。使用国内镜像源可以提高软件包的下载速度,改善软件安装和更新的体验,因为在从国内服务器下载软件包时,网络延迟相对较低。
8️⃣ 参考 8
在 Ubuntu 18.04 系统中更换国内镜像源的操作步骤如下:
步骤 1:备份原有源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
步骤 2:替换为国内镜像源
方法一:直接替换文件内容
打开 /etc/apt/sources.list
文件并替换为以下内容(可任选一个国内镜像源)。
阿里云镜像源(推荐)
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
清华大学镜像源
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
中科大镜像源
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
方法二:手动编辑文件
使用 nano
或 vim
编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list
,替换为以下内容(以阿里云为例):
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
替换内容如下(注意 bionic
是 Ubuntu 18.04 的代号):
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
步骤 3:更新软件包列表
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
常见问题
- 权限问题:确保使用
sudo
执行命令。 - 镜像源不可用:如果某个镜像源速度慢,可尝试替换为其他国内源。
- 恢复备份:若出现问题,恢复备份文件:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.backup /etc/apt/sources.list
完成以上步骤后,你的 Ubuntu 18.04 将使用国内镜像源加速软件下载。
9️⃣ 参考 9
在 Ubuntu 18.04 中更换 /etc/apt/sources.list
为国内镜像源(如阿里云、腾讯云等)可以显著提升软件包下载速度。以下是详细操作步骤:
1. 备份原始源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2. 选择国内镜像源并编辑文件
常用国内镜像源地址示例(以 Ubuntu 18.04 为例):
镜像源 | 地址 |
---|---|
阿里云 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ |
清华大学 | https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ |
中国科技大学 | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ |
网易 | http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ |
腾讯 | https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ |
操作步骤:
-
打开文件编辑:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
-
将原有内容替换为以下内容(以阿里云为例):
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
注意:
bionic
是 Ubuntu 18.04 的代号,请勿更改。- 如果需要其他镜像源,只需替换 URL 中的域名部分(例如改为
mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
)。
-
保存并退出(Nano 中按
Ctrl + O
回车保存,Ctrl + X
退出)。
3. 更新软件包列表
执行以下命令使更改生效:
sudo apt update
4. 验证镜像源
尝试安装一个软件包(如 htop
)测试是否正常:
sudo apt install htop
常见问题
-
无法连接镜像源?
- 检查网络是否通畅。
- 确保输入的镜像地址正确无误。
- 尝试更换其他国内镜像源。
-
提示 GPG 错误?
- 添加对应镜像源的 GPG 密钥(通常会自动完成,若失败可参考镜像站文档)。
完整示例(阿里云镜像)
# 默认注释说明
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
通过以上步骤即可完成国内镜像源的切换,大幅提升软件包下载速度!