当前位置：首页 > news >正文

c++ 设计模式的课本范例

news 2025/7/15 6:18:00

（1）框架设计模式 model mode ：算法的框架不变，算法的细节可以改变。主要依赖多态。

class Player
{
protected:int life;int magic;int attack;virtual void effect_self() {}virtual void effect_enemy() {}virtual bool can_burn() = 0;
public:Player(int life, int magic, int attack) : life(life), magic(magic), attack(attack) {}virtual Player(){}void play_effect_burn() { cout << "play_effect_burn\n"; }void burn()    // 模板模式：算法的框架不变，细节可以变{if (can_burn()){effect_enemy();effect_self();play_effect_burn();}}
};class Fighter : public Player
{
public:Fighter() : Player(100, 100, 50) {}void effect_self() override { this->life -= 30; }void effect_enemy() override { cout << "敌人被燃烧 40 血\n"; }bool can_burn() override { if (this->life >= 40)  return true;else                   return false; }
};

（2）简单工厂模式：不要直接使用 new A（）创建对象，一旦对类 A 增删和修改参数，会紧耦合，牵一发动全身，用一个函数集中使用 new A ，返回创建好的对象，如同工厂批量生产产品一样。对构造对象时的修改也限制在工厂方法里。

class Player  // 角色父类
{
protected:int life;int magic;int attack;public:Player(int life, int magic, int attack) : life(life), magic(magic), attack(attack) {}virtual Player(){}
};class Fighter : public Player   // 战士
{
public:Fighter() : Player(100, 100, 50) {}
};class Master : public Player  // 法师
{
public:Master() : Player(50, 300, 150) {}
};class Create   // 把 new 语句集中在产生对象的函数里，减小代码以后升级时需要修改的范围
{
public:static Player* createPlayer(string str){if(str == "fighter") return new Fighter();else if(str == "master")return new Master();}	
};int main()
{auto pFighter = Create::createPlayer("fighter");auto pMaster = Create::createPlayer("master");delete pFighter;delete pMaster;return 0;
}

但工厂函数里的 if 选择，如果要创建新类，会修改原代码。面向对象的 OCP 原则：更新代码时，尽量追加新代码，而不是修改原代码，向增加开放，向修改关闭。如此引出工厂模式。

（3）工厂模式：符合 OCP 规则的用工厂方式生产对象：

class Player  // 角色父类
{
protected:int life;int magic;int attack;public:	Player(int life, int magic, int attack) : life(life), magic(magic), attack(attack) {}virtual Player(){}
};class Fighter : public Player   // 战士
{
public:	Fighter(int life, int magic, int attack) : Player(life , magic , attack) {}
};class Master : public Player  // 法师
{
public:	Master(int life, int magic, int attack) : Player(life, magic, attack) {}
};class Create   // 制造生产对象的虚基类
{
public:	virtual Player* createPlayer() = 0;virtual Create(){}
};class Create_Fighter : public Create  // 对应对象的工厂类
{
public:	Player* createPlayer() override { return new Fighter(50,50,50); }
};class Create_Monster : public Create
{
public:	Player* createPlayer() override { return new Master(60,60,60); }
};int main()
{auto pFactFight = new Create_Fighter();auto pFighter = pFactFight->createPlayer();auto pFactMaster = new Create_Monster();auto pMastr = pFactMaster->createPlayer();delete pFactFight;delete pFactMaster;delete pFighter;delete pMastr;return 0;
}

（4）抽象工厂模式，比工厂模式密度更高的生产对象的模式：一个类包含了多个生产对象的函数：

class Player  // 角色父类
{
protected:int life;int magic;int attack;public:	Player(int life, int magic, int attack) : life(life), magic(magic), attack(attack) {}virtual Player(){}
};class Fighter_Land : public Player   // 陆上战士 
{
public:	Fighter_Land(int life, int magic, int attack) : Player(life , magic , attack) {}
};class Fighter_Sea : public Player   // 海洋战士
{
public:	Fighter_Sea(int life, int magic, int attack) : Player(life, magic, attack) {}
};class Master_Land : public Player  // 陆上法师 ，游戏新版本，不同的游戏场景
{
public:	Master_Land (int life, int magic, int attack) : Player(life, magic, attack) {}
};class Master_Sea : public Player  // 海洋法师
{
public:	Master_Sea(int life, int magic, int attack) : Player(life, magic, attack) {}
};class Create   // 制造生产对象的虚基类
{
public:	virtual Player* createPlayer() = 0;virtual Player* createMaster() = 0;virtual Create(){}
};class Create_Land : public Create  // 不同场景下的角色生产工厂
{
public:Player* createPlayer() override { return new Fighter_Land(10,10,10); }Player* createMaster() override { return new Master_Land(20,20,20); }
};class Create_Sea : public Create
{
public:Player* createPlayer() override { return new Fighter_Sea(10,10,10); }Player* createMaster() override { return new Master_Sea(20, 20, 20); }
};int main()
{auto pCreate_Land = new Create_Land();auto pFighter_Land = pCreate_Land->createPlayer();;auto PMaster_Land = pCreate_Land->createMaster();auto pCreate_Sea = new Create_Sea();auto pFighter_Sea = pCreate_Sea->createPlayer();auto pMaster_Sea = pCreate_Sea->createMaster();delete pCreate_Land; delete pFighter_Land; delete PMaster_Land;delete pCreate_Sea;  delete pFighter_Sea;  delete pMaster_Sea;return 0;
}