当前位置：首页 > news >正文

Docker部署RabbitMQ与简单使用

news 2025/8/14 4:05:54

官网地址： Messaging that just works — RabbitMQ

我的Docker博客:Docker-CSDN博客

1.结构

其中包含几个概念：

**publisher**：生产者，也就是发送消息的一方
**consumer**：消费者，也就是消费消息的一方
**queue**：队列，存储消息。生产者投递的消息会暂存在消息队列中，等待消费者处理
**exchange**：交换机，负责消息路由。生产者发送的消息由交换机决定投递到哪个队列。
**virtual host**：虚拟主机，起到数据隔离的作用。每个虚拟主机相互独立，有各自的exchange、queue

2.Docker安装

基于Docker来安装RabbitMQ，使用下面的命令即可：

docker run \-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=user1 \-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123 \-v mq-plugins:/plugins \--name mq \--hostname mq \-p 15672:15672 \-p 5672:5672 \--network n1 \-d \rabbitmq:3.8-management

root 是你设置的用户名

123是你设置的密码

n1是你自定义的网络

可以看到在安装命令中有两个映射的端口：

15672：RabbitMQ提供的管理控制台的端口
5672：RabbitMQ的消息发送处理接口

安装完成后，我们访问 http://192.168.150.101:15672http://192.168.48.129:15672/http://192.168.150.101:15672即可看到管理控制台。首次访问需要登录，默认的用户名和密码在配置文件中已经指定了。

注意网址中的192.168.48.129要改成你自己虚拟机的

3.后端

3.1引入依赖

        <!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>

3.2yml

spring:rabbitmq:host: 192.168.48.129port: 5672virtual-host: /username: user1password: 123listener:simple:prefetch: 1

3.3.1.@Bean的方式声明队列和交换机

新建一个config类
用fanout类型的交换机来做例子
下面的代码会生成一个交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {//声明交换机@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){return new FanoutExchange("a.fanout");}//创建1个队列@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue1(){return new Queue("fanout.queue1");}//绑定队列和交换机@Beanpublic Binding bindingQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);}}

接收并处理

写在业务里

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Slf4j
@Component
public class MqListener {//业务逻辑@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {System.out.println("消费者1 收到了 fanout.queue1的消息：【" + msg +"】");}}

测试类

    @Testvoid test(){String queuename = "hmall.fanout1";String message = "hello, amqp!";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queuename, null,message);}

3.3.2基于注解声明交换机和队列

不用再在配置类里去声明了,直接业务里用注解一同声明交换机和队列了
这里用direct类型的交换机来做例子
下面代码会创建一个交换机b.direct和两个队列direct.queue1,direct.queue2


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Map;@Slf4j
@Component
public class MqListener {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1", durable = "true"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "b.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),key = {"red", "blue"}))public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {System.out.println("消费者1 收到了 direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg +"】");}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2", durable = "true"),//队列名,是否持久化//交换机名,交换机类型            exchange = @Exchange(name = "b.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),//direct类型交换机需要传的keykey = {"red", "yellow"}))public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {System.out.println("消费者2 收到了 direct.queue2的消息：【" + msg +"】");}
}

测试类

    @Testvoid testSendDirect() {String exchangeName = "b.direct";String msg = "蓝色通知";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "blue", msg);}    @Testvoid testSendDirect2() {String exchangeName = "b.direct";String msg = "红色通知";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", msg);}    @Testvoid testSendDirect3() {String exchangeName = "b.direct";String msg = "黄色通知";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "yellow", msg);}

查看全文

http://www.lryc.cn/news/342358.html