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Java：SpringBoot整合SSE（Server-Sent Events）实现后端主动向前端推送数据

news 2025/7/18 13:51:20

SpringBoot整合SSE（Server-Sent Events）可以实现后端主动向前端推送数据

核心代码

依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

后端接收sse连接

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class IndexController {/*** 创建SSE连接** @return*/@GetMapping(path = "/connect")public SseEmitter sse() {SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter();// 发送一个注释，响应前端请求sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("welcome"));return sseEmitter;}
}

前端浏览器代码

// 连接服务器
var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect");// 连接打开
sseSource.onopen = function () {console.log("连接打开");
}// 连接错误
sseSource.onerror = function (err) {console.log("连接错误:", err);
}// 接收到数据
sseSource.onmessage = function (event) {console.log("接收到数据:", event);handleReceiveData(JSON.parse(event.data))
}

完整代码

项目目录

$ tree -I target -I test
.
├── pom.xml
└── src└── main├── java│   └── com│       └── example│           └── demo│               ├── Application.java│               ├── controller│               │   └── IndexController.java│               ├── entity│               │   └── Message.java│               ├── service│               │   ├── SseService.java│               │   └── impl│               │       └── SseServiceImpl.java│               └── task│                   └── SendMessageTask.java└── resources├── application.yml├── static└── templates└── index.html

完整依赖 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.7.7</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>demo</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>demo</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><mybatis-plus.version>3.5.2</mybatis-plus.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><!-- test --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><excludes><exclude><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></exclude></excludes></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

前端代码 index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Demo</title>
</head><body><div id="result"></div><script>// 连接服务器var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect");// 连接打开sseSource.onopen = function () {console.log("连接打开");}// 连接错误sseSource.onerror = function (err) {console.log("连接错误:", err);}// 接收到数据sseSource.onmessage = function (event) {console.log("接收到数据:", event);handleReceiveData(JSON.parse(event.data))}// 关闭链接function handleCloseSse() {sseSource.close()}// 处理服务器返回的数据function handleReceiveData(data) {let div = document.createElement('div');div.innerHTML = data.data;document.getElementById('result').appendChild(div);}// 通过http发送消息function sendMessage() {const message = document.querySelector("#message")const data = {data: message.value}message.value = ''fetch('http://localhost:8080/sse/sendMessage', {method: 'POST',headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'},body: JSON.stringify(data)})}</script>
</body>
</html>

定义一个返回数据 Message.java

package com.example.demo.entity;import lombok.Data;@Data
public class Message {private String data;private Integer total;
}

定义sse接口 SseService.java

package com.example.demo.service;import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;public interface SseService {SseEmitter connect(String uuid);void sendMessage(Message message);
}

实现sse接口 SseServiceImpl.java

package com.example.demo.service.impl;import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;@Slf4j
@Service
public class SseServiceImpl implements SseService {/*** messageId的 SseEmitter对象映射集*/private static Map<String, SseEmitter> sseEmitterMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();/*** 连接sse* @param uuid* @return*/@Overridepublic SseEmitter connect(String uuid) {SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter();// 连接成功需要返回数据，否则会出现待处理状态try {sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("welcome"));} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 连接断开sseEmitter.onCompletion(() -> {sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);});// 连接超时sseEmitter.onTimeout(() -> {sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);});// 连接报错sseEmitter.onError((throwable) -> {sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);});sseEmitterMap.put(uuid, sseEmitter);return sseEmitter;}/*** 发送消息* @param message*/@Overridepublic void sendMessage(Message message) {message.setTotal(sseEmitterMap.size());sseEmitterMap.forEach((uuid, sseEmitter) -> {try {sseEmitter.send(message, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}});}
}

定时任务 SendMessageTask.java

package com.example.demo.task;import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;@Configuration
public class SendMessageTask {@Autowiredprivate SseService sseService;/*** 定时执行 秒 分 时 日 月 周*/@Scheduled(cron = "*/5 * * * * *")  // 间隔5秒public void sendMessageTask() {Message message = new Message();DateTimeFormatter format = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");message.setData(LocalDateTime.now().format(format));sseService.sendMessage(message);}
}

前端路由 IndexController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;import java.util.UUID;@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class IndexController {@Autowiredprivate SseService sseService;/*** 首页** @return*/@GetMapping("/")public String index() {return "index";}/*** 创建SSE连接** @return*/@GetMapping(path = "/connect", produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM_VALUE)public SseEmitter sse() {String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();log.info("新用户连接：{}", uuid);return sseService.connect(uuid);}/*** 广播消息** @param message*/@PostMapping("/sendMessage")@ResponseBodypublic void sendMessage(@RequestBody Message message) {sseService.sendMessage(message);}
}

启动类 Application.java

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}}