linux81 shell通配符:[list],‘‘ ``““
shell
文件处理工具
grep 别名显示颜色
grep --color=auto ‘root’ passwd
alias grep=‘grep --color=auto’
vim /etc/bashrc
alias grep=‘grep --color=auto’
source /etc/bashrc
[root@samba tmp]# grep --color=auto 'root' 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# vim /etc/bashrc
[root@samba tmp]# cat /etc/bashrc
# /etc/bashrc# System wide functions and aliases
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.# are we an interactive shell?
if [ "$PS1" ]; thenif [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; thencase $TERM inxterm*|vte*)if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; thenPROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xtermelif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; thenPROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command"elsePROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'fi;;screen*)if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; thenPROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screenelsePROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'fi;;*)[ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default;;esacfi# Turn on parallel historyshopt -s histappendhistory -a# Turn on checkwinsizeshopt -s checkwinsize[ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ "# You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines)# and console windows# If you want to do so, just add e.g.# if [ "$PS1" ]; then# PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ "# fi# to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory
fiif ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell# Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profilepathmunge () {case ":${PATH}:" in*:"$1":*);;*)if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; thenPATH=$PATH:$1elsePATH=$1:$PATHfiesac}# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200# You could check uidgid reservation validity in# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid fileif [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; thenumask 002elseumask 022fiSHELL=/bin/bash# Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell# and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvarsfor i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; doif [ -r "$i" ]; thenif [ "$PS1" ]; then. "$i"else. "$i" >/dev/nullfifidoneunset iunset -f pathmunge
fi
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
[root@samba tmp]# source /etc/bashrc
[root@samba tmp]# grep 'root' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# grep -ni 'root' 2.txt
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# grep -w 'root' 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# grep -wo root 2.txt
root
root
root
root
[root@samba tmp]# grep -niv '^root' 2.txt
2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17:libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
18:colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
19:rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
20:saned:x:996:993:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbin/nologin
21:gluster:x:995:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
22:saslauth:x:994:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
23:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
24:setroubleshoot:x:993:990::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
25:rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
26:pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
27:radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
28:chrony:x:992:987::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
29:unbound:x:991:986:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
30:qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
31:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
32:sssd:x:990:984:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
33:usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
34:geoclue:x:989:983:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
35:ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
36:gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
37:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
38:nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
39:gnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
40:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
41:avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
42:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
43:tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
44:caozx26:x:1000:1000:caozx26:/home/caozx26:/bin/bash
45:code:x:1001:1001::/home/code:/bin/bash
46:rsync:x:1002:1002::/home/rsync:/sbin/nologin
47:apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
48:user01:x:1003:1003::/home/user01:/bin/bash
49:u02:x:1004:1005::/home/u02:/bin/bash
50:u03:x:13:48::/home/u03:/bin/bash
51:mysql:x:987:981::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologinunic
去除连续的重复行
-c 计数
-d 只显示重复行
uniq -cd 1.txt
[root@samba bin]# cat 3.txt
111
111
111111111
222
333
333333
111
111111
222333444
444444
33321321321
3213213213asdad
1232134214124das
[root@samba bin]# uniq -c 3.txt3 11111 11111 1111 2222 33311 3332 11111 1111 22221 33312 44411 4441 33311 213213211 3213213213asdad1 123213421412411 das
[root@samba bin]# uniq -cd 3.txt3 1112 3332 11122 444tee
输出到屏幕、文件
-c 追加输出
echo 999 | tee -c 3.txt
[root@samba bin]# echo 888|tee 2.txt
888
[root@samba bin]# cat 2.txt
888
[root@samba bin]# echo 999 -a|tee 2.txt
999 -a
[root@samba bin]# echo 999|tee -a 2.txt
999
[root@samba bin]# echo 888 |tee -a 2.txt
888
[root@samba bin]# cat 2.txt
999 -a
999
888paste
合并输出
paste file1 file2
[root@samba bin]# cat file1
hello
888
[root@samba bin]# cat file2
it
999
000
[root@samba bin]# paste file1 file2
hello it
888 999000-d
自定义间隔符
paste -d : file1 file2
[root@samba bin]# paste -d : file1 file2
hello:it
888:999
:000
[root@samba bin]# paste -d ; file1 file2
paste：选项需要一个参数 -- d
Try 'paste --help' for more information.
bash: /bin/file1: 权限不够
[root@samba bin]# paste -d ; file1 file2
paste：选项需要一个参数 -- d
Try 'paste --help' for more information.
bash: /bin/file1: 权限不够
[root@samba bin]# paste -d . file1 file2
hello.it
888.999
.000-s
paste -s file1 file2
[root@samba bin]# paste -s file1 file2
hello 888
it 999 000
[root@samba bin]# paste -s file1 file2
hello 888
it 999 000常用通配符
？匹配任意单个字符
- 0或多个字符
[list] 匹配[list]中任意单个字符 或一组单个字符
{string1,string2,…} 匹配字符串
[!list]匹配除list中的任意单个字符
*
[root@samba tmp]# ls
10.txt
11.txt
12.txt
13.txt
1.txt
2.txt
3.txt
4.txt
5.txt
6.txt
7.txt
8.txt
9.txt
file1
file2
file3
file4
file5
file6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh
vmware-root_723-4282236435
vmware-root_748-2966037996
vmware-root_863-3980167256
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file*.txt
ls: 无法访问file*.txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file*.txt
ls: 无法访问file*.txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file6
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l *.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt？
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l ?
ls: 无法访问?: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l ?.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[list]
[root@samba tmp]# ls [123].txt
1.txt 2.txt 3.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [1-13].txt
1.txt 3.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [2-14].txt
4.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [3-10].txt
ls: 无法访问[3-10].txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [1-10].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [0-9].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [0-9,10,11].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [!1234].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt{}
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l {1..13}.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
引号
‘’ 不引用变量
“” 可引用变量 ，可用$()引用
`` 类似$()，引号，括号内容优先执行，如果存在嵌套，不能用
“”
[root@samba tmp]# "$(date+%F)"
bash: date+%F: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# "$(date +%F)"
bash: 2025-08-01: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# "$(date)"
bash: 2025年 08月 01日 星期五 21:25:42 CST: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# echo "$(date +%F)"
2025-08-01‘’
[root@samba tmp]# echo '$(date +%F)'
$(date +%F)``
[root@samba tmp]# echo '$(date +%F)'
$(date +%F)
[root@samba tmp]# echo `$date+%F`
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...[root@samba tmp]# echo "`$date +%F`"
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...[root@samba tmp]# echo $(echo "`date +%F`")
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo "`$date +%F`"
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...[root@samba tmp]# echo "`date +%F`"
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo "$(hostname)"
samba.web.cn
[root@samba tmp]# echo '$(hostname)'
$(hostname)
[root@samba tmp]# echo $(date +%F)
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo `echo $(date +%F)`
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo `date`
2025年 08月 01日 星期五 21:39:13 CST
[root@samba tmp]# echo `echo `date +%F``
date +%F
[root@samba tmp]# echo $(echo `date +%F`)
2025-08-01
问题
[root@samba tmp]# ls
10.txt
11.txt
12.txt
13.txt
1.txt
2.txt
3.txt
4.txt
5.txt
6.txt
7.txt
8.txt
9.txt
file1
file2
file3
file4
file5
file6[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [0-9,10,11].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [!1234].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# echo "`$date +%F`"
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# echo `echo `date +%F``
date +%F
记录
Last login: Sat Jul 26 16:27:54 2025 from 192.168.235.1
[code@samba ~]$ hostname
samba.web.cn
[code@samba ~]$ cd bin
-bash: cd: bin: 没有那个文件或目录
[code@samba ~]$ cd /bin
[code@samba bin]$ vim 3.txt[已修改但尚未保存]
/bin/bash: q: 未找到命令Shell 已返回127请按 ENTER 或其它命令继续
[code@samba bin]$ su - caozx26
密码：
上一次登录：六 7月 26 16:29:35 CST 2025pts/1 上
[caozx26@samba ~]$ sudo su
1[sudo] caozx26 的密码：
[root@samba caozx26]# cd /bin
[root@samba bin]# vim 3.txt
[root@samba bin]# cat 3.txt
111
111
111111111
222
333
333333
111
111111
222333444
444444
33321321321
3213213213asdad
1232134214124das
[root@samba bin]# uniq -c 3.txt3 11111 11111 1111 2222 33311 3332 11111 1111 22221 33312 44411 4441 33311 213213211 3213213213asdad1 123213421412411 das
[root@samba bin]# uniq -cd 3.txt3 1112 3332 11122 444
[root@samba bin]# echo 888|tee 2.txt
888
[root@samba bin]# cat 2.txt
888
[root@samba bin]# echo 999 -a|tee 2.txt
999 -a
[root@samba bin]# echo 999|tee -a 2.txt
999
[root@samba bin]# echo 888 |tee -a 2.txt
888
[root@samba bin]# cat 2.txt
999 -a
999
888
[root@samba bin]# vim file1
[root@samba bin]# vim file2
[root@samba bin]# cat file1 file2
hello
888
it
999
000
[root@samba bin]# cat file1
hello
888
[root@samba bin]# cat file2
it
999
000
[root@samba bin]# paste file1 file2
hello it
888 999000
[root@samba bin]# paste -d:file1 file2
it
999
000
[root@samba bin]# paste -d : file1 file2
hello:it
888:999
:000
[root@samba bin]# paste -d ; file1 file2
paste：选项需要一个参数 -- d
Try 'paste --help' for more information.
bash: /bin/file1: 权限不够
[root@samba bin]# paste -d ; file1 file2
paste：选项需要一个参数 -- d
Try 'paste --help' for more information.
bash: /bin/file1: 权限不够
[root@samba bin]# paste -d . file1 file2
hello.it
888.999
.000
[root@samba bin]# paste -s file1 file2
hello 888
it 999 000
[root@samba bin]# paste -s file1 file2
hello 888
it 999 000
[root@samba bin]# touch file[1..9].jpg
[root@samba bin]# ls
[ mkfifo
2.txt mkfontdir
3.txt mkfontscale
a2p mkhybrid
ab mkinitrd
abrt-action-analyze-backtrace mkisofs
abrt-action-analyze-c mkmanifest
abrt-action-analyze-ccpp-local mknod
abrt-action-analyze-core mkrfc2734
abrt-action-analyze-oops mktemp
abrt-action-analyze-python mlabel
abrt-action-analyze-vmcore mmcli
abrt-action-analyze-vulnerability mmc-tool
abrt-action-analyze-xorg mmd
abrt-action-check-oops-for-hw-error mmount
abrt-action-generate-backtrace mmove
abrt-action-generate-core-backtrace mobj_dump
abrt-action-install-debuginfo modifyrepo
abrt-action-list-dsos modutil
abrt-action-notify mokutil
abrt-action-perform-ccpp-analysis more
abrt-action-save-kernel-data mount
abrt-action-save-package-data mountpoint
abrt-action-trim-files mousetweaks
abrt-applet mpartition
abrt-cli mpls_dump
abrt-dump-oops mpris-proxy
abrt-dump-xorg mpstat
abrt-handle-upload mrd
abrt-merge-pstoreoops mren
abrt-retrace-client msgattrib
abrt-watch-log msgcat
abs2rel msgcmp
ac msgcomm
aclocal msgconv
aclocal-1.13 msgen
aconnect msgexec
addr2line msgfilter
alias msgfmt
alsabat msggrep
alsa-delay msghack
alsaloop msginit
alsamixer msgmerge
alsatplg msgunfmt
alsaucm msguniq
alsaunmute mshortname
alt-java mshowfat
amidi mtools
amixer mtoolstest
amuFormat.sh mtype
anaconda-cleanup mutter
anaconda-disable-nm-ibft-plugin mv
analog mvxattr
aplay mxtar
aplaymidi mzip
applydeltarpm nail
appstream-compose namei
appstream-util nano
apropos nautilus
ar nautilus-autorun-software
arch nautilus-desktop
arecord nautilus-sendto
arecordmidi nc
as ncat
aseqdump ncurses5-config
aseqnet ncursesw5-config
aserver ndctl
at ndptool
atq needs-restarting
atrm nenscript
attr neqn
audit2allow net
audit2why netaddr
aulast netstat
aulastlog nettle-hash
ausyscall nettle-lfib-stream
autoconf newaliases
autoheader newaliases.postfix
autom4te newgidmap
automake newgrp
automake-1.13 newuidmap
autopoint nf-ct-add
autoreconf nf-ct-list
autoscan nf-exp-add
autoupdate nf-exp-delete
auvirt nf-exp-list
awk nf-log
axel nf-monitor
axfer nf-queue
baobab nfs4_editfacl
base64 nfs4_getfacl
basename nfs4_setfacl
bash nfsiostat-sysstat
bashbug ngettext
bashbug-64 nice
batch nisdomainname
bc nl
bccmd nl-addr-add
bdftopcf nl-addr-delete
bdftruncate nl-addr-list
bd_info nl-class-add
bdsplice nl-class-delete
berkeley_db47_svc nl-classid-lookup
bg nl-class-list
bison nl-cls-add
blkiomon nl-cls-delete
blkparse nl-cls-list
blkrawverify nl-fib-lookup
blktrace nl-link-enslave
bluemoon nl-link-ifindex2name
bluetoothctl nl-link-list
bluetooth-sendto nl-link-name2ifindex
bno_plot.py nl-link-release
boltctl nl-link-set
bond2team nl-link-stats
bootctl nl-list-caches
brasero nl-list-sockets
brltty nl-monitor
brltty-config nl-neigh-add
brltty-ctb nl-neigh-delete
brltty-install nl-neigh-list
brltty-trtxt nl-neightbl-list
brltty-ttb nl-pktloc-lookup
btattach nl-qdisc-add
btmon nl-qdisc-delete
btrace nl-qdisc-list
btrecord nl-route-add
btreplay nl-route-delete
btt nl-route-get
build-classpath nl-route-list
build-classpath-directory nl-rule-list
build-jar-repository nl-tctree-list
bunzip2 nl-util-addr
busctl nm
byacc nmblookup
bzcat nmcli
bzcmp nm-connection-editor
bzdiff nm-online
bzgrep nmtui
bzip2 nmtui-connect
bzip2recover nmtui-edit
bzless nmtui-hostname
bzmore nohup
c++ notify-send
c2ph nproc
c89 nroff
c99 nsenter
cairo-sphinx nslookup
cal nss-policy-check
ca-legacy nsupdate
calibrate_ppa ntpstat
canberra-boot numad
canberra-gtk-play numfmt
cancel objcopy
cancel.cups objdump
captoinfo ocs
cat od
catchsegv oddjob_request
catman ogg123
cc oggdec
ccache-swig oggenc
ccmake ogginfo
cd oldfind
cd-create-profile oLschema2ldif
cdda2ogg on_ac_power
cdda2wav open
cdda-player openssl
cd-drive openvt
cd-fix-profile orbd
cd-iccdump orca
cd-info orc-bugreport
cd-it8 osinfo-db-export
cdparanoia osinfo-db-import
cd-paranoia osinfo-db-path
cdrdao osinfo-db-validate
cd-read osinfo-detect
cdrecord osinfo-install-script
celtdec051 osinfo-query
celtenc051 os-prober
centrino-decode over
certmaster-getcert p11-kit
certutil pacat
c++filt pack200
cgclassify package-cleanup
cgcreate pacmd
cgdelete pactl
cgexec padsp
cgget padsp-32
cgset page_owner_sort
cgsnapshot pamon
chacl panelctl
chage pango-list
chardetect pango-querymodules-64
charmap pango-view
chattr paperconf
chcat paplay
chcon paps
check-binary-files parec
checkisomd5 parecord
checkmodule passwd
checkpolicy paste
checksctp pasuspender
cheese patch
chfn pathchk
chgrp pax11publish
chmem pbm2ppa
chmod pbmtpg
chown pchrt
chronyc pcre-config
chrt pdbedit
chsh pdf2dsc
chvt pdf2ps
ci pdfdetach
cifscreds pdffonts
cifsdd pdfimages
cifsiostat pdfinfo
ciptool pdfseparate
cksum pdftocairo
clean-binary-files pdftohtml
clear pdftoppm
clibrary pdftops
clibrary2 pdftotext
clpi_dump pdfunite
cmake peekfd
cmp perl
cmsutil perl5.16.3
co perlbug
col perldoc
colcrt perlthanks
colormgr pf2afm
colrm pfbtopfa
column pflags
combinedeltarpm pgawk
combinediff pgrep
comm pic
command piconv
compile_et pidstat
compress pinentry
connection_recovery pinentry-curses
consolehelper pinentry-gtk
ControlPanel pinentry-gtk-2
coredumpctl pinfo
coverage ping
coverage2 ping6
coverage-2.7 pinky
cp pitchplay
cpack pk12util
cpio pkaction
cpp pkcheck
cpupower pkcon
crash pkcs1-conv
create-jar-links pkexec
createrepo pkg-config
crlutil pkill
crontab pkla-admin-identities
cscope pkla-check-authorization
cscope-indexer pkmon
csh pkttyagent
csplit pl2pm
csslint-0.6 play
ctags pldd
ctest plistutil
cue2toc plymouth
cups-calibrate pmap
cupstestdsc pm-is-supported
cupstestppd pnm2ppa
curl pod2html
curl-config pod2man
cut pod2text
cvt pod2usage
cvtsudoers policyeditor
date policyeditor.itweb
db47_archive policytool
db47_checkpoint post-grohtml
db47_codegen powernow-k8-decode
db47_deadlock ppdc
db47_dump ppdhtml
db47_hotbackup ppdi
db47_load ppdmerge
db47_printlog ppdpo
db47_recover pphs
db47_stat pr
db47_upgrade preconv
db47_verify pre-grohtml
db_archive printafm
db_checkpoint printenv
db_deadlock printf
db_dump prlimit
db_dump185 profiles
db_hotbackup prove
db_load prtstat
db_log_verify ps
db_printlog ps2ascii
db_recover ps2epsi
db_replicate ps2pdf
db_stat ps2pdf12
db_tuner ps2pdf13
db_upgrade ps2pdf14
dbus-binding-tool ps2pdfwr
dbus-cleanup-sockets ps2ps
dbus-daemon ps2ps2
dbus-launch psed
dbus-monitor psfaddtable
dbus-run-session psfgettable
dbus-send psfstriptable
dbus-test-tool psfxtable
dbus-update-activation-environment pstack
dbus-uuidgen pstree
db_verify pstree.x11
dbwrap_tool pstruct
dc ptaskset
dconf ptx
dd pulseaudio
deallocvt purple-client-example
debuginfo-install purple-remote
dehtmldiff purple-send
delv purple-send-async
desktop-file-edit purple-url-handler
desktop-file-install pwd
desktop-file-validate pwdx
detect_ppa pwmake
devdump pwscore
df pydoc
dfu-tool pygtk-demo
dgawk pyinotify
diff python
diff3 python2
diff-jars python2.7
diffpp qemu-ga
diffstat qemu-img
dig qemu-io
dir qemu-nbd
dircolors qmicli
dirname qmi-network
dmesg quota
dnsdomainname quotasync
domainname ranlib
doxygen raw
dracut rb
drill rcs
du rcsclean
dumpiso rcsdiff
dumpkeys rcsfreeze
dvcont rcsmerge
dvd-ram-control rctest
dvdrecord rdate
dvd+rw-booktype read
dvd+rw-format readcd
dvd+rw-mediainfo readelf
dvipdf readlink
dwp readmult
dwz readom
easy_install realpath
easy_install-2.7 rebuild-jar-repository
echo rec
ed recode-sr-latin
edid-decode recountdiff
editdiff red
egrep rediff
eject regdiff
elfedit regpatch
empathy regshell
empathy-accounts regtree
empathy-debugger rename
enchant renice
enchant-lsmod repoclosure
enscript repodiff
env repo-graph
envsubst repomanage
eog repoquery
eps2eps repo-rss
eqn report-cli
escputil reporter-bugzilla
espdiff reporter-mailx
espeak reporter-mantisbt
eu-addr2line reporter-rhtsupport
eu-ar reporter-upload
eu-elfcmp reporter-ureport
eu-elfcompress report-gtk
eu-elflint reposync
eu-findtextrel repotrack
eu-make-debug-archive rescan-scsi-bus.sh
eu-nm reset
eu-objdump resizecons
eu-ranlib rev
eu-readelf rfcomm
eu-size rhino
eu-stack rhythmbox
eu-strings rhythmbox-client
eu-strip rlog
eu-unstrip rm
evince rmail
evince-previewer rmail.postfix
evince-thumbnailer rmdir
ex rmid
exempi rmiregistry
expand rnano
expr rngtest
f95 rpcclient
factor rpcgen
fallocate rpm
false rpm2cpio
fc rpmbuild
fc-cache rpmdb
fc-cache-64 rpmdumpheader
fc-cat rpmkeys
fc-conflist rpmquery
fc-list rpmsign
fc-match rpmspec
fc-pattern rpmverify
fc-query rsync
fc-scan rsyslog-recover-qi.pl
fc-validate runcon
festival run-parts
festival_client rvi
festival_server rview
festival_server_control rvim
fg rx
fgconsole rxe_cfg
fgrep rz
file s2p
file1 sadf
file[1..9].jpg samba-regedit
file2 sandbox
file-roller sane-find-scanner
filterdiff sar
find satyr
find2perl saytime
find-jar sb
findmnt sbcdec
find-repos-of-install sbcenc
findsmb sbcinfo
fipscheck scanimage
fipshmac scl
firefox scl_enabled
firewall-cmd scl_source
firewall-config scp
firewall-offline-cmd scp-dbus-service
fixcvsdiff script
flatpak scriptreplay
flex scsi_logging_level
flex++ scsi_mandat
flipdiff scsi_readcap
flite scsi_ready
flite_time scsi-rescan
flock scsi_satl
fmt scsi_start
fold scsi_stop
fonttosfnt scsi_temperature
fprintd-delete sctp_darn
fprintd-enroll sctp_status
fprintd-list sctp_test
fprintd-verify sdiff
free sdp_long_message
fribidi sdp_run_test
fros sdptool
funzip seahorse
fusermount sealert
fusermount-glusterfs seapplet
fwupdmgr secon
g++ secret-tool
gapplication sed
gatttool sedismod
gawk sedispol
gcalccmd selfsign-getcert
gcc semodule_package
gcc-ar sendiso
gcc-nm seq
gcc-ranlib servertool
gcm-calibrate sessreg
gcm-import setarch
gcm-inspect setcifsacl
gcm-picker setfacl
gcm-viewer setfattr
gconf-merge-tree setfont
gconftool-2 setkeycodes
gcore setleds
gcov setmetamode
gcr-viewer setpriv
gdb setserial
gdb-add-index setsid
gdbus setterm
gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64 setup
gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer setup-nsssysinit
gdmflexiserver setup-nsssysinit.sh
gdm-screenshot setvtrgb
gedit setxkbmap
gencat sexp-conv
gendiff sftp
genisoimage sg
genl-ctrl-list sg_compare_and_write
geoiplookup sg_copy_results
geoiplookup6 sg_dd
geoipupdate sg_decode_sense
geqn sg_emc_trespass
getcert sg_format
getcifsacl sg_get_config
getconf sg_get_lba_status
getent sg_ident
getfacl sginfo
getfattr sg_inq
getkeycodes sg_logs
getopt sg_luns
getopts sg_map
gettext sg_map26
gettextize sgm_dd
gettext.sh sg_modes
gfortran sg_opcodes
ghostscript sgp_dd
gio sg_persist
gio-querymodules-64 sg_prevent
git sg_raw
git-receive-pack sg_rbuf
git-shell sg_rdac
git-upload-archive sg_read
git-upload-pack sg_read_block_limits
gjs sg_read_buffer
gjs-console sg_readcap
gkbd-keyboard-display sg_read_long
glib-compile-schemas sg_reassign
glxgears sg_referrals
glxinfo sg_requests
glxinfo64 sg_reset
gmake sg_rmsn
gneqn sg_rtpg
gnome-abrt sg_safte
gnome-boxes sg_sanitize
gnome-calculator sg_sat_identify
gnome-character-map sg_sat_phy_event
gnome-clocks sg_sat_set_features
gnome-contacts sg_scan
gnome-control-center sg_senddiag
gnome-dictionary sg_ses
gnome-disk-image-mounter sg_start
gnome-disks sg_stpg
gnome-font-viewer sg_sync
gnome-help sg_test_rwbuf
gnome-keyring sg_turs
gnome-keyring-3 sg_unmap
gnome-keyring-daemon sg_verify
gnome-screenshot sg_vpd
gnome-session sg_write_buffer
gnome-session-custom-session sg_write_long
gnome-session-inhibit sg_write_same
gnome-session-properties sg_wr_mode
gnome-session-quit sg_xcopy
gnome-session-selector sh
gnome-shell sha1sum
gnome-shell-extension-prefs sha224sum
gnome-shell-extension-tool sha256sum
gnome-shell-perf-tool sha384sum
gnome-software sha512sum
gnome-system-log sharesec
gnome-system-monitor shotwell
gnome-terminal show-changed-rco
gnome-text-editor showconsolefont
gnome-thumbnail-font show-installed
gnome-tweaks showkey
gnome-weather showrgb
gnroff shred
gpasswd shuf
gpg signver
gpg2 sim_client
gpg-agent simc_lsmplugin
gpgconf sim_lsmplugin
gpg-connect-agent size
gpg-error skill
gpgparsemail slabinfo
gpgsplit slabtop
gpgv sleep
gpgv2 sliceprint
gpg-zip slogin
gpic smbcacls
gpk-application smbclient
gpk-log smbcontrol
gpk-prefs smbcquotas
gpk-update-viewer smbget
gprof smbpasswd
gr2fonttest smbprint
grep smbspool
grepdiff smbstatus
grilo-test-ui-0.3 smbtar
grl-inspect-0.3 smbtree
grl-launch-0.3 sndfile-resample
groff snice
grops soelim
grotty sort
groups sotruss
growisofs sound_dump
grub2-editenv soundstretch
grub2-file sox
grub2-fstest soxi
grub2-glue-efi spd-conf
grub2-kbdcomp spd-say
grub2-menulst2cfg spdsend
grub2-mkfont speaker-test
grub2-mkimage speech-dispatcher
grub2-mklayout spice-streaming-agent
grub2-mknetdir spice-vdagent
grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 splain
grub2-mkrelpath split
grub2-mkrescue splitdiff
grub2-mkstandalone sprof
grub2-render-label sqlite3
grub2-script-check ssh
grub2-syslinux2cfg ssh-add
gs ssh-agent
gsbj ssh-copy-id
gsdj ssh-keygen
gsdj500 ssh-keyscan
gsettings ssltap
gsettings-data-convert sss_ssh_authorizedkeys
gsf-office-thumbnailer sss_ssh_knownhostsproxy
gslj stap
gslp stapbpf
gsnd stapdyn
gsoelim stap-merge
gsound-play stap-prep
gss-client stap-report
gstack staprun
gst-feedback stapsh
gst-feedback-0.10 start-pulseaudio-x11
gst-inspect startx
gst-inspect-0.10 stat
gst-inspect-1.0 states
gst-launch stdbuf
gst-launch-0.10 strace
gst-launch-1.0 strace-log-merge
gst-stats-1.0 strings
gst-typefind strip
gst-typefind-0.10 stty
gst-typefind-1.0 stunbdc
gst-xmlinspect stund
gst-xmlinspect-0.10 su
gst-xmllaunch sudo
gst-xmllaunch-0.10 sudoedit
gtar sudoreplay
gtbl sum
gtf sushi
gtk-launch svn
gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64 svnadmin
gtk-query-immodules-3.0-64 svndumpfilter
gtk-update-icon-cache svnlook
gtroff svnrdump
gucharmap svnserve
gunzip svnsync
gupnp-dlna-info-2.0 svnversion
gupnp-dlna-ls-profiles-2.0 swig
gvfs-cat sx
gvfs-copy sync
gvfs-info synclient
gvfs-less syndaemon
gvfs-ls system-config-abrt
gvfs-mime system-config-printer
gvfs-mkdir system-config-printer-applet
gvfs-monitor-dir systemctl
gvfs-monitor-file systemd-analyze
gvfs-mount systemd-ask-password
gvfs-move systemd-cat
gvfs-open systemd-cgls
gvfs-rename systemd-cgtop
gvfs-rm systemd-coredumpctl
gvfs-save systemd-delta
gvfs-set-attribute systemd-detect-virt
gvfs-trash systemd-escape
gvfs-tree systemd-firstboot
gzexe systemd-hwdb
gzip systemd-inhibit
h2ph systemd-loginctl
hangul systemd-machine-id-setup
hciattach systemd-notify
hciconfig systemd-nspawn
hcidump systemd-path
hcitool systemd-run
hdmv_test systemd-stdio-bridge
hdsploader systemd-sysv-convert
head systemd-tmpfiles
hesinfo systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
hex2hcd sz
hexdump tabs
host tac
hostid tail
hostname tailf
hostnamectl tapestat
hpcups-update-ppds tar
hpijs targetcli
htdbm targetclid
htdigest targetctl
htpasswd taskset
httxt2dbm tbl
hunspell tcptraceroute
i386 tcsh
ibus teamd
ibus-daemon teamdctl
ibus-setup teamnl
ibus-table-createdb tee
iceauth telepathy-gabble-xmpp-console
icedax test
iconv testgdbm
id testlibraw
ident testparm
idiag-socket-details test_ppa
idn text2wave
iecset tgz
ifnames tic
igawk time
ijsgutenprint.5.2 timedatectl
implantisomd5 timeout
imsettings-info tload
imsettings-list tmon
imsettings-reload tnameserv
imsettings-switch toc2cddb
indent toc2cue
index_dump toe
info top
infocmp totem
infokey totem-video-thumbnailer
infotocap touch
install tput
install-printerdriver tr
instperf tracepath
interdiff tracepath6
intltool-extract traceroute
intltoolize traceroute6
intltool-merge tracker
intltool-prepare troff
intltool-update true
ionice truncate
iostat trust
ipa tset
ipa-getcert tsort
ipcalc ttmkfdir
ipcmk tty
ipcrm turbostat
ipcs tzselect
ipod-read-sysinfo-extended ucs2any
iptables-xml udevadm
iptc udisksctl
isdv4-serial-inputattach ul
isodebug ulockmgr_server
isodump umask
isoinfo umount
iso-info unalias
iso-read uname
isosize uncompress
isovfy unexpand
itweb-settings unicode_start
itweb-settings.itweb unicode_stop
java uniq
javaws unix-lpr.sh
javaws.itweb unlink
jjs unlz4
jobs unpack200
join unshare
journalctl unwrapdiff
json_reformat unxz
json_verify unzip
jvmjar unzipsfx
k5srvutil update-ca-trust
kadmin updatedb
kbdinfo update-desktop-database
kbd_mode update-gtk-immodules
kbdrate update-mime-database
kdestroy upower
kdumpctl uptime
kernel-install urlgrabber
keyctl usb-devices
keytool usbhid-dump
kill users
killall usleep
kinit usx2yloader
klist utmpdump
kmod uuclient
kpasswd uuidgen
krb5-config uz
ksflatten vcut
ksshell vdir
ksu vdo
ksvalidator vdo-by-dev
ksverdiff vdodmeventd
kswitch vdodumpconfig
ktutil vdoforcerebuild
kvno vdoformat
l2ping vdoprepareupgrade
l2test vdoreadonly
last vdostats
lastb verify_blkparse
lastcomm verifytree
lastlog VGAuthService
lchfn vi
lchsh view
ld vim
ld.bfd vimdiff
ldd vimtutor
ld.gold vinagre
ldns-chaos vlock
ldns-compare-zones vmhgfs-fuse
ldnsd vmmouse_detect
ldns-dane vmstat
ldns-dpa vm-support
ldns-gen-zone vmtoolsd
ldns-key2ds vmware-checkvm
ldns-keyfetcher vmware-hgfsclient
ldns-keygen vmware-namespace-cmd
ldns-mx vmware-rpctool
ldns-notify vmware-toolbox-cmd
ldns-nsec3-hash vmware-user
ldns-read-zone vmware-user-suid-wrapper
ldns-resolver vmware-vgauth-cmd
ldns-revoke vmware-vmblock-fuse
ldns-rrsig vmware-xferlogs
ldns-signzone vncconfig
ldns-test-edns vncpasswd
ldns-testns vorbiscomment
ldns-update vstp
ldns-verify-zone vxloader
ldns-version w
ldns-walk wait
ldns-zcat wall
ldns-zsplit watch
less watchgnupg
lessecho wavpack
lesskey wayland-scanner
lesspipe.sh wc
lex wdctl
lexgrog WebKitWebDriver
libbluray_test wget
libieee1284_test whatis
libinput whereis
libinput-debug-events which
libinput-list-devices whiptail
libtar who
libtool whoami
libtoolize withsctp
libwacom-list-local-devices wnck-urgency-monitor
link wodim
linux32 write
linux64 wvdial
linux-boot-prober wvdialconf
list_titles wvgain
liveinst wvunpack
ln X
loadkeys x86_64
loadunimap x86_64-redhat-linux-c++
locale x86_64-redhat-linux-g++
localectl x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc
localedef x86_energy_perf_policy
local-getcert xargs
locate xauth
logger xbrlapi
login xdg-desktop-icon
loginctl xdg-desktop-menu
logname xdg-email
logresolve xdg-icon-resource
logview xdg-mime
look xdg-open
lp xdg-screensaver
lp.cups xdg-settings
lpoptions xdg-user-dir
lppasswd xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update
lpq xdg-user-dirs-update
lpq.cups xdpyinfo
lpr xdriinfo
lpr.cups xev
lprm xgamma
lprm.cups xgettext
lprsetup.sh xhost
lpstat xinit
lpstat.cups xinput
ls xkbcomp
lsattr xkill
lsblk xlsatoms
lscgroup xlsclients
lscpu xlsfonts
lsdiff xmlcatalog
lsinitrd xmllint
lsipc xmlsec1
lslocks xmlwf
lslogins xmodmap
lsmcli xmvn-builddep
lsmd Xorg
lsmem xorg-x11-fonts-update-dirs
lsns xprop
lsscsi xrandr
lssubsys xrdb
lsusb xrefresh
lsusb.py xset
lua xsetmode
luac xsetpointer
lz xsetroot
lz4 xsetwacom
lz4c xsltproc
lz4cat xstdcmap
lzop xvattr
m17n-conv xvinfo
m4 Xvnc
machinectl xwininfo
mail xxd
Mail xz
mailq xzcat
mailq.postfix xzcmp
mailx xzdec
make xzdiff
makedb xzegrep
makedeltarpm xzfgrep
man xzgrep
mandb xzless
manpath xzmore
mapscrn yacc
mattrib yelp
mbadblocks yes
mbimcli ypdomainname
mbim-network yum
mcat yum-builddep
mcd yum-config-manager
mcheck yum-debug-dump
mclasserase yum-debug-restore
mcomp yumdownloader
mcookie yum-groups-manager
mcopy zcat
mc-tool zcmp
mc-wait-for-name zdiff
md5sum zegrep
mdel zenheiset
mdeltree zenity
mdig zfgrep
mdir zforce
mdu zgrep
merge zip
mergerepo zipcloak
mesg zipgrep
metacity zipinfo
metacity-message zipnote
mformat zipsplit
minfo zless
mixartloader zmore
mkafmmap znew
mkdir zsoelim
[root@samba bin]# cd /tmp
[root@samba tmp]# ls
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh
vmware-root_723-4282236435
vmware-root_748-2966037996
vmware-root_863-3980167256
[root@samba tmp]# touch {1..9}.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls
1.txt
2.txt
3.txt
4.txt
5.txt
6.txt
7.txt
8.txt
9.txt
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh
vmware-root_723-4282236435
vmware-root_748-2966037996
vmware-root_863-3980167256
[root@samba tmp]# touch [10..13].txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls
1.txt
2.txt
3.txt
4.txt
5.txt
6.txt
7.txt
8.txt
9.txt
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh
vmware-root_723-4282236435
vmware-root_748-2966037996
vmware-root_863-3980167256
[root@samba tmp]# touch {10..13}.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls
10.txt
11.txt
12.txt
13.txt
1.txt
2.txt
3.txt
4.txt
5.txt
6.txt
7.txt
8.txt
9.txt
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh
vmware-root_723-4282236435
vmware-root_748-2966037996
vmware-root_863-3980167256
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file?
ls: 无法访问file?: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# touch file{1..6}
[root@samba tmp]# ls
10.txt
11.txt
12.txt
13.txt
1.txt
2.txt
3.txt
4.txt
5.txt
6.txt
7.txt
8.txt
9.txt
file1
file2
file3
file4
file5
file6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U
systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh
vmware-root_723-4282236435
vmware-root_748-2966037996
vmware-root_863-3980167256
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file*.txt
ls: 无法访问file*.txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file*.txt
ls: 无法访问file*.txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file6
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l *.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l ?
ls: 无法访问?: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l ?.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [123].txt
1.txt 2.txt 3.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [1-13].txt
1.txt 3.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [2-14].txt
4.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls [3-10].txt
ls: 无法访问[3-10].txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [1-10].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [0-9].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [0-9,10,11].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l [!1234].txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l file
ls: 无法访问file: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l {1..13}.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l ?.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
[root@samba tmp]# ls -l *
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:18 3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:17 9.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 20:23 file6systemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-bolt.service-C7rdl6:
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 7月 26 14:30 tmpsystemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-chronyd.service-0tc1ev:
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 7月 26 14:30 tmpsystemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-colord.service-JukHZm:
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 7月 26 14:30 tmpsystemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-cups.service-DTyM2U:
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 7月 26 14:30 tmpsystemd-private-ce9c9ad3cb4b4b18b1e0a95f0f25ab53-rtkit-daemon.service-G33YWh:
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 7月 26 14:30 tmpvmware-root_723-4282236435:
总用量 0vmware-root_748-2966037996:
总用量 0vmware-root_863-3980167256:
总用量 0
[root@samba tmp]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/2.txt
cp：是否覆盖"/tmp/2.txt"？ n
[root@samba tmp]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/2.txt
cp：是否覆盖"/tmp/2.txt"？
[root@samba tmp]# cat 2.txt
[root@samba tmp]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/2.txt
cp：是否覆盖"/tmp/2.txt"？ y
[root@samba tmp]# cat 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/ nologin
colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
saned:x:996:993:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:995:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:994:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:993:990::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:992:987::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
unbound:x:991:986:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/d ev/null:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:990:984:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue:x:989:983:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
caozx26:x:1000:1000:caozx26:/home/caozx26:/bin/bash
code:x:1001:1001::/home/code:/bin/bash
rsync:x:1002:1002::/home/rsync:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
user01:x:1003:1003::/home/user01:/bin/bash
u02:x:1004:1005::/home/u02:/bin/bash
u03:x:13:48::/home/u03:/bin/bash
mysql:x:987:981::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'<2.txt
ROOT:X:0:0:ROOT:/ROOT:/BIN/BASH
BIN:X:1:1:BIN:/BIN:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
DAEMON:X:2:2:DAEMON:/SBIN:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
ADM:X:3:4:ADM:/VAR/ADM:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
LP:X:4:7:LP:/VAR/SPOOL/LPD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SYNC:X:5:0:SYNC:/SBIN:/BIN/SYNC
SHUTDOWN:X:6:0:SHUTDOWN:/SBIN:/SBIN/SHUTDOWN
HALT:X:7:0:HALT:/SBIN:/SBIN/HALT
MAIL:X:8:12:MAIL:/VAR/SPOOL/MAIL:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
OPERATOR:X:11:0:OPERATOR:/ROOT:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
GAMES:X:12:100:GAMES:/USR/GAMES:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
FTP:X:14:50:FTP USER:/VAR/FTP:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
NOBODY:X:99:99:NOBODY:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SYSTEMD-NETWORK:X:192:192:SYSTEMD NETWORK MANAGEMENT:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
DBUS:X:81:81:SYSTEM MESSAGE BUS:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
POLKITD:X:999:998:USER FOR POLKITD:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
LIBSTORAGEMGMT:X:998:995:DAEMON ACCOUNT FOR LIBSTORAGEMGMT:/VAR/RUN/LSM:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
COLORD:X:997:994:USER FOR COLORD:/VAR/LIB/COLORD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
RPC:X:32:32:RPCBIND DAEMON:/VAR/LIB/RPCBIND:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SANED:X:996:993:SANE SCANNER DAEMON USER:/USR/SHARE/SANE:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
GLUSTER:X:995:992:GLUSTERFS DAEMONS:/RUN/GLUSTER:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SASLAUTH:X:994:76:SASLAUTHD USER:/RUN/SASLAUTHD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
ABRT:X:173:173::/ETC/ABRT:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SETROUBLESHOOT:X:993:990::/VAR/LIB/SETROUBLESHOOT:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
RTKIT:X:172:172:REALTIMEKIT:/PROC:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
PULSE:X:171:171:PULSEAUDIO SYSTEM DAEMON:/VAR/RUN/PULSE:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
RADVD:X:75:75:RADVD USER:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
CHRONY:X:992:987::/VAR/LIB/CHRONY:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
UNBOUND:X:991:986:UNBOUND DNS RESOLVER:/ETC/UNBOUND:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
QEMU:X:107:107:QEMU USER:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
TSS:X:59:59:ACCOUNT USED BY THE TROUSERS PACKAGE TO SANDBOX THE TCSD DAEMON:/DEV/NULL:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SSSD:X:990:984:USER FOR SSSD:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
USBMUXD:X:113:113:USBMUXD USER:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
GEOCLUE:X:989:983:USER FOR GEOCLUE:/VAR/LIB/GEOCLUE:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
NTP:X:38:38::/ETC/NTP:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
GDM:X:42:42::/VAR/LIB/GDM:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
RPCUSER:X:29:29:RPC SERVICE USER:/VAR/LIB/NFS:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
NFSNOBODY:X:65534:65534:ANONYMOUS NFS USER:/VAR/LIB/NFS:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
GNOME-INITIAL-SETUP:X:988:982::/RUN/GNOME-INITIAL-SETUP/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
SSHD:X:74:74:PRIVILEGE-SEPARATED SSH:/VAR/EMPTY/SSHD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
AVAHI:X:70:70:AVAHI MDNS/DNS-SD STACK:/VAR/RUN/AVAHI-DAEMON:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
POSTFIX:X:89:89::/VAR/SPOOL/POSTFIX:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
TCPDUMP:X:72:72::/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
CAOZX26:X:1000:1000:CAOZX26:/HOME/CAOZX26:/BIN/BASH
CODE:X:1001:1001::/HOME/CODE:/BIN/BASH
RSYNC:X:1002:1002::/HOME/RSYNC:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
APACHE:X:48:48:APACHE:/USR/SHARE/HTTPD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
USER01:X:1003:1003::/HOME/USER01:/BIN/BASH
U02:X:1004:1005::/HOME/U02:/BIN/BASH
U03:X:13:48::/HOME/U03:/BIN/BASH
MYSQL:X:987:981::/HOME/MYSQL:/SBIN/NOLOGIN
[root@samba tmp]# grep --color=auto 'root' passwd
grep: passwd: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@samba tmp]# grep --color=auto 'root' 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# vim /etc/bashrc
[root@samba tmp]# cat /etc/bashrc
# /etc/bashrc# System wide functions and aliases
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.# are we an interactive shell?
if [ "$PS1" ]; thenif [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; thencase $TERM inxterm*|vte*)if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; thenPROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xtermelif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; thenPROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command"elsePROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'fi;;screen*)if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; thenPROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screenelsePROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'fi;;*)[ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default;;esacfi# Turn on parallel historyshopt -s histappendhistory -a# Turn on checkwinsizeshopt -s checkwinsize[ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ "# You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines)# and console windows# If you want to do so, just add e.g.# if [ "$PS1" ]; then# PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ "# fi# to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory
fiif ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell# Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profilepathmunge () {case ":${PATH}:" in*:"$1":*);;*)if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; thenPATH=$PATH:$1elsePATH=$1:$PATHfiesac}# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200# You could check uidgid reservation validity in# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid fileif [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; thenumask 002elseumask 022fiSHELL=/bin/bash# Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell# and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvarsfor i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; doif [ -r "$i" ]; thenif [ "$PS1" ]; then. "$i"else. "$i" >/dev/nullfifidoneunset iunset -f pathmunge
fi
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
[root@samba tmp]# source /etc/bashrc
[root@samba tmp]# grep 'root' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# grep -ni 'root' 2.txt
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# grep -w 'root' 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# grep -wo root 2.txt
root
root
root
root
[root@samba tmp]# grep -niv '^root' 2.txt
2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17:libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
18:colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
19:rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
20:saned:x:996:993:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbin/nologin
21:gluster:x:995:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
22:saslauth:x:994:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
23:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
24:setroubleshoot:x:993:990::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
25:rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
26:pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
27:radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
28:chrony:x:992:987::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
29:unbound:x:991:986:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
30:qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
31:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
32:sssd:x:990:984:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
33:usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
34:geoclue:x:989:983:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
35:ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
36:gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
37:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
38:nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
39:gnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
40:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
41:avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
42:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
43:tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
44:caozx26:x:1000:1000:caozx26:/home/caozx26:/bin/bash
45:code:x:1001:1001::/home/code:/bin/bash
46:rsync:x:1002:1002::/home/rsync:/sbin/nologin
47:apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
48:user01:x:1003:1003::/home/user01:/bin/bash
49:u02:x:1004:1005::/home/u02:/bin/bash
50:u03:x:13:48::/home/u03:/bin/bash
51:mysql:x:987:981::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
[root@samba tmp]# "$(date+%F)"
bash: date+%F: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# "$(date +%F)"
bash: 2025-08-01: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# "$(date)"
bash: 2025年 08月 01日 星期五 21:25:42 CST: 未找到命令...
[root@samba tmp]# echo "$(date +%F)"
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo '$(date +%F)'
$(date +%F)
[root@samba tmp]# echo `$date+%F`
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...[root@samba tmp]# echo "`$date +%F`"
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...[root@samba tmp]# echo $(echo "`date +%F`")
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo "`$date +%F`"
bash: +%F: 未找到命令...[root@samba tmp]# echo "`date +%F`"
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo "$(hostname)"
samba.web.cn
[root@samba tmp]# echo '$(hostname)'
$(hostname)
[root@samba tmp]# echo $(date +%F)
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo `echo $(date +%F)`
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]# echo `date`
2025年 08月 01日 星期五 21:39:13 CST
[root@samba tmp]# echo `echo `date +%F``
date +%F
[root@samba tmp]# echo $(echo `date +%F`)
2025-08-01
[root@samba tmp]#