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使用pytorch进行迁移学习的两个步骤

news 2025/8/10 2:16:39

1. 步骤及代码

迁移学习一般都会使用两个步骤进行训练：

固定预训练模型的特征提取部分，只对最后一层进行训练，使其快速收敛；
使用较小的学习率，对全部模型进行训练，并对每层的权重进行细微的调节。

import os
import torch
import torchvision
from torchvision.datasets import ImageFolder
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import transforms as T
import numpy as np# 设置均值、方差
mean = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
std = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]# 还原减均值除以方差之前的数据，用于可视化
def reduction_img_show(tensor, mean, std) -> None:to_img = T.ToPILImage()reduced_img = to_img(tensor * torch.tensor(std).view(3, 1, 1) + torch.tensor(mean).view(3, 1, 1))reduced_img.show()def getResNet(*, class_names: str, loadfile: str = None):if loadfile is not None:model = torchvision.models.resnet18()model.load_state_dict(torch.load('resnet18-f37072fd.pth'))  # 加载权重else:model = torchvision.models.resnet18(weights=torchvision.models.ResNet18_Weights.IMAGENET1K_V1)  # 模型自动下载到C:\Users\GaryLau\.cache\torch\hub\checkpoints# 将所有的参数层冻结，设置模型除最后一层以外都不可以进行训练，使模型只针对最后一层进行微调for param in model.parameters():param.requires_grad = False# 输出全连接层信息print(model.fc)x = model.fc.in_features  # 获取全连接层输入维度model.fc = torch.nn.Linear(in_features=x, out_features=len(class_names))  # 创建新的全连接层print(model.fc)  # 输出新的全连接层return model# 定义训练函数
def train(model, device, train_loader, criterion, optimizer, epoch):model.train()all_loss = []for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)optimizer.zero_grad()y_pred = model(data)loss = criterion(y_pred, target)loss.backward()all_loss.append(loss.item())optimizer.step()if batch_idx % 10 == 0:print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{}]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),np.mean(all_loss)))def val(model, device, val_loader, criterion):model.eval()test_loss = []correct = []with torch.no_grad():for data, target in val_loader:data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)y_pred = model(data)test_loss.append(criterion(y_pred, target).item())pred = y_pred.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)correct.append(pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()/pred.size(0))print('-->Test: Average loss:{:.4f}, Accuracy:({:.0f}%)\n'.format(np.mean(test_loss), 100 * sum(correct) / len(correct)))# 训练，验证时的预处理
transform = {'train': T.Compose([T.RandomResizedCrop(224),T.RandomHorizontalFlip(),T.ToTensor(),T.Normalize(mean=mean, std=std)]),'val': T.Compose([T.Resize((224,224)),T.ToTensor(),T.Normalize(mean=mean, std=std)])}# 加载训练、验证数据
dataset_train = ImageFolder(r'./train', transform=transform['train'])
dataset_val = ImageFolder(r'./test', transform=transform['val'])# 类别标签
class_names = dataset_train.classes
print(dataset_train.class_to_idx)
print(dataset_val.class_to_idx)# 显示一张训练、验证图
# reduction_img_show(dataset_train[0][0], mean, std)
# reduction_img_show(dataset_val[0][0], mean, std)# 使用DataLoader遍历数据
dataloader_train = DataLoader(dataset_train, batch_size=16, shuffle=True, sampler=None, num_workers=0,pin_memory=False, drop_last=False)
dataloader_val = DataLoader(dataset_val, batch_size=16, shuffle=False, sampler=None, num_workers=0,pin_memory=False, drop_last=False)# 使用方式一，使用next不断获取一个batch的数据
dataiter_train = iter(dataloader_train)
imgs, labels = next(dataiter_train)
print(imgs.size())
# reduction_img_show(imgs[0], mean, std)
# reduction_img_show(imgs[1], mean, std)
multi_imgs = torchvision.utils.make_grid(imgs, nrow=10)  # 拼接一个batch的图像用于展示
# reduction_img_show(multi_imgs, mean, std)# 获取ResNet模型，并加载预训练模型权重，将最后一层(输出层)去掉，换成一个新的全连接层，新全连接层输出的节点数是新数据的类别数
device = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
print(device)# 构建模型
model = getResNet(class_names=class_names, loadfile='resnet18-f37072fd.pth')
model.to(device)# 构建损失函数
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 指定新加的全连接层为要更新的参数
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.fc.parameters(), lr=0.001)  # 只需要更新最后一层fc的参数if __name__ == '__main__':### 步骤一，微调最后一层first_model = 'resnet18-f37072fd_finetune_fcLayer.pth'for epoch in range(1, 6):train(model, device, dataloader_train, criterion, optimizer, epoch)val(model, device, dataloader_val, criterion)# 仅保存了最后新添加的全连接层的参数#torch.save(model.fc.state_dict(), first_model)torch.save(model.state_dict(), first_model)### 步骤二，小学习率微调所有层second_model = 'resnet18-f37072fd_finetune_allLayer.pth'optimizer2 = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)exp_lr_scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer2, step_size=3, gamma=0.9)# 将所有的参数层设为可训练的for param in model.parameters():param.requires_grad = Trueif os.path.exists(second_model):model.load_state_dict(torch.load(second_model))   # 加载本地模型else:model.load_state_dict(torch.load(first_model))    # 加载步骤一训练得到的本地模型print('Finetune all layers with small learning rate......')for epoch in range(1, 101):train(model, device, dataloader_train, criterion, optimizer2, epoch)if optimizer2.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'] > 0.00001:exp_lr_scheduler.step()print(f"learning rate: {optimizer2.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']}")val(model, device, dataloader_val, criterion)# 保存整个模型torch.save(model.state_dict(), second_model)print('Done.')