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springboot优雅停机无法关闭进程，kill无法停止springboot必须kill -9,springboot线程池使用

news 2025/7/13 2:33:22

背景最近项目在jenkins部署的时候发现部署很慢，查看部署日志发现kill命令执行后应用pid还存在，导致必须在60秒等待期后kill -9杀死springboot进程

应用环境

springboot

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>2.6.3</version>
</dependency>

springcloud

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>2021.0.1.0</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope>
</dependency>

监控

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId><version>2.6.3</version>
</dependency>

原因分析

通过将全部日志调整为debug级别，观察到有个定时任务线程在不断执行，例子如下

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.test.test.mapper")
public class TestApplication implements CommandLineRunner {static ScheduledExecutorService executor;public static void main(String[] args) {executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);}private static void run(ScheduledExecutorService executor) {executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {System.out.println("run");}, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {run(executor);}
}

上述代码中，由于线程定义默认是非守护线程，执行优雅停机后，在用户线程停止后，非守护线程不会自动停止
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解决办法

定义为守护线程
对于非业务逻辑，例如监控数据上传，日志记录，这样做非常方便，但对于系统业务，这么做会导致未执行完成任务被丢弃。
将线程池定义为springbean，交予spring容器管理其生命周期

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.test.test.mapper")
public class TestApplication implements CommandLineRunner {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);}private static void run(ScheduledExecutorService executor) {executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {System.out.println("run");}, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}@Beanpublic ScheduledExecutorService executor() {return Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {ScheduledExecutorService executor = SpringUtil.getBean(ScheduledExecutorService.class);run(executor);}
}

效果
在这里插入图片描述弊端：此类方式中，由于线程池的工作线程属于非守护线程，应用会等待所有任务执行完成后才关闭。由于容器已经关闭，数据库连接池已经释放，这时候任务再获取spring容器内容会报错，因此这种方案只适用于用户日志记录，监控等非业务功能，效果如下：

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.test.test.mapper")
@Slf4j
public class TestApplication implements CommandLineRunner {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);}private static void run(ExecutorService executor) {executor.execute(() -> {log.info("=====start");try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(25);User user = SpringUtil.getBean(IUserService.class).findById(10L);log.info("用户信息:" + user);} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}log.info("=========end");});}@Beanpublic ExecutorService executor() {return new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1),r -> {Thread thread =new Thread(r);return thread;},new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {ExecutorService executor = SpringUtil.getBean(ExecutorService.class);run(executor);}
}

在这里插入图片描述

3.使用spring提供的ThreadPoolTaskExecutor线程池

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.test.test.mapper")
@Slf4j
public class TestApplication implements CommandLineRunner {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);}private static void run(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor) {executor.execute(() -> {log.info("=====start");try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(25);User user = SpringUtil.getBean(IUserService.class).findById(10L);log.info("用户信息:" + user);} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}log.info("=========end");});}@Beanpublic ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor() {int core = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();executor.setCorePoolSize(core > 3 ? core >> 1 : core);int maxSize = core + 2;executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxSize);//使用同步队列，避免任务进入等待队列排队导致耗时过长executor.setQueueCapacity(0);executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(30);executor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);executor.setAwaitTerminationSeconds(25);executor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-");executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());executor.initialize();return executor;}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = SpringUtil.getBean(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);run(executor);}
}

在这里插入图片描述

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从上图可以看到，应用会等待线程池任务执行完毕后才选择优雅关闭，因此对于异步业务任务，ThreadPoolTaskExecutor才是首选。
spring已经内置了ThreadPoolTaskExecutor 线程池实例，我们可以尝试修改其配置参数，简化代码来尝试，例如：
在这里插入图片描述

spring:task:execution:pool:queue-capacity: 0core-size: 2max-size: 16keep-alive: 30sthread-name-prefix: 'async-'shutdown:await-termination: trueawait-termination-period: 25s

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.test.test.mapper")
@Slf4j
public class TestApplication implements CommandLineRunner {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);}private static void run(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor) {executor.execute(() -> {log.info("=====start");try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(25);User user = SpringUtil.getBean(IUserService.class).findById(10L);log.info("用户信息:" + user);} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}log.info("=========end");});}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = SpringUtil.getBean(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);run(executor);}
}

效果与上述手动创建效果一样，但是内置的ThreadPoolTaskExecutor线程池无法通过配置修改拒绝策略rejectedExecutionHandler，队列满了之后默认是AbortPolicy，会丢弃加入的任务并抛异常，spring内置此线程池的初衷在于为定时任务使用，例如@Scheduled。
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