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Django QuerySet对象，exclude()方法

news 2025/8/5 9:14:39

模型参考上一章内容：

Django QuerySet对象，filter()方法-CSDN博客

exclude()方法，用于排除符合条件的数据。

1，添加视图函数

Test/app11/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Postdef index(request):posts = Post.objects.all()return render(request, '11/index.html', {'posts': posts})# apps/books/views.pyfrom django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Bookdef book_list_view(request):# 使用filter()方法获取所有价格在10到20之间的书籍# books = Book.objects.filter(price__gte=10, price__lte=20)  # __gte是“greater than or equal to”（大于等于）的缩写，__lte是“less than or equal to”（小于等于）的缩写。# books = Book.objects.filter(price__gt=10)   # 在Django的ORM（对象关系映射）查询中，__gt是过滤条件的一个特殊语法，用于表示“大于”（greater than）。books = Book.objects.filter(price__lt=29.99)   # __lt 是“less than”（小于）的缩写。return render(request, '11/book_list.html', {'books': books})def get_book_view(request):try:# 使用get()方法获取标题为"Python Cookbook"的书籍book = Book.objects.get(id=19)# 现在book变量包含了匹配的书籍对象print(book)return render(request, '11/book_detail.html', {'book': book})except Book.DoesNotExist:# 如果没有找到匹配的书籍，返回错误信息return HttpResponse("Book not found.")except Book.MultipleObjectsReturned:# 如果找到多个匹配的书籍，返回错误信息return HttpResponse("Multiple books found with the same title.")def book_list_view_exclude(request):# 使用exclude()方法获取所有价格不等于10且标题不包含"Python"的书籍books = Book.objects.exclude(price=9.99).exclude(title__icontains="Python")return render(request, '11/book_list_exclude.html', {'books': books})

2，添加html代码

Test/templates/11/book_list_exclude.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>书籍列表</title>
</head>
<body><h1>书籍列表</h1>{% if books %}<ul>{% for book in books %}<li><h2>{{ book.title }}</h2><p>作者: {{ book.author }}</p><p>价格: {{ book.price }}</p></li>{% endfor %}</ul>{% else %}<p>没有找到书籍。</p>{% endif %}
</body>
</html>

3，添加路由地址

Test/app11/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import viewsurlpatterns = [path('index/', views.index, name='index'),path('book_list_view/', views.book_list_view, name='book_list_view'),path('get_book_view/', views.get_book_view, name='get_book_view'),path('book_list_view_exclude/', views.book_list_view_exclude, name='book_list_view_exclude'),
]