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Java 搭建个人博客基本框架

news 2025/8/3 5:21:52

为了实现一个功能完善的个人博客系统，我们将使用Spring Boot作为框架，MySQL作为数据库，并引入Spring Security来处理用户认证和授权。以下是系统的详细设计和实现步骤：

## 项目结构

- `src/main/java/com/blog`
- `controller`
- `service`
- `repository`
- `model`
- `src/main/resources`
- `application.properties`
- `pom.xml`

## 主要功能

1. 用户注册和登录
2. 文章的增删改查（CRUD）
3. 评论系统
4. 标签系统
5. 分页和搜索
6. 富文本编辑器支持

## 项目初始化

### 1. `pom.xml` 配置

```xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
```

### 2. `application.properties` 配置

```properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/blog
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
```

### 3. 数据库模型

#### 3.1 用户模型

```java
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String username;
private String password;
private String email;

// Getters and Setters
}
```

#### 3.2 文章模型

```java
@Entity
public class Post {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String title;
private String content;
private LocalDateTime createdAt;

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
private User user;

@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(
name = "post_tag",
joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "post_id"),
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "tag_id"))
private Set<Tag> tags = new HashSet<>();

// Getters and Setters
}
```

#### 3.3 评论模型

```java
@Entity
public class Comment {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String content;
private LocalDateTime createdAt;

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "post_id")
private Post post;

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
private User user;

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "parent_comment_id")
private Comment parentComment;

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "parentComment", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<Comment> replies = new ArrayList<>();

// Getters and Setters
}
```

#### 3.4 标签模型

```java
@Entity
public class Tag {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String name;

@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "tags")
private Set<Post> posts = new HashSet<>();

// Getters and Setters
}
```

### 4. 数据库仓库

#### 4.1 用户仓库

```java
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
Optional<User> findByUsername(String username);
}
```

#### 4.2 文章仓库

```java
public interface PostRepository extends JpaRepository<Post, Long> {
Page<Post> findAll(Pageable pageable);
}
```

#### 4.3 评论仓库

```java
public interface CommentRepository extends JpaRepository<Comment, Long> {
List<Comment> findByPostId(Long postId);
List<Comment> findByParentCommentId(Long parentCommentId);
}
```

#### 4.4 标签仓库

```java
public interface TagRepository extends JpaRepository<Tag, Long> {
}
```

### 5. 服务层

#### 5.1 用户服务

```java
@Service
public class UserService {

@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;

@Autowired
private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

public User save(User user) {
user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword()));
return userRepository.save(user);
}

public Optional<User> findByUsername(String username) {
return userRepository.findByUsername(username);
}
}
```

#### 5.2 文章服务

```java
@Service
public class PostService {

@Autowired
private PostRepository postRepository;

public Post save(Post post) {
post.setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
return postRepository.save(post);
}

public Page<Post> findAll(Pageable pageable) {
return postRepository.findAll(pageable);
}
}
```

#### 5.3 评论服务

```java
@Service
public class CommentService {

@Autowired
private CommentRepository commentRepository;

public Comment save(Comment comment) {
comment.setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
return commentRepository.save(comment);
}

public List<Comment> findByPostId(Long postId) {
return commentRepository.findByPostId(postId);
}

public List<Comment> findByParentCommentId(Long parentCommentId) {
return commentRepository.findByParentCommentId(parentCommentId);
}
}
```

### 6. 控制器

#### 6.1 用户控制器

```java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {

@Autowired
private UserService userService;

@PostMapping("/register")
public String register(@ModelAttribute User user) {
userService.save(user);
return "redirect:/login";
}
}
```

#### 6.2 文章控制器

```java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/posts")
public class PostController {

@Autowired
private PostService postService;

@GetMapping
public String list(Model model, Pageable pageable) {
Page<Post> posts = postService.findAll(pageable);
model.addAttribute("posts", posts);
return "posts/list";
}

@PostMapping
public String save(@ModelAttribute Post post) {
postService.save(post);
return "redirect:/posts";
}
}
```

#### 6.3 评论控制器

```java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/comments")
public class CommentController {

@Autowired
private CommentService commentService;

@PostMapping
public String save(@ModelAttribute Comment comment) {
commentService.save(comment);
return "redirect:/posts/" + comment.getPost().getId();
}
}
```

### 7. 前端模板（使用Thymeleaf）

#### 7.1 登录页面

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div>
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" />
</div>
<div>
<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" />
</div>
<div>
<button type="submit">Login</button>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

```

#### 7.2 文章列表页面

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Posts</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<a th:href="@{/posts/new}">New Post</a>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li th:each="post : ${posts}">
<h2 th:text="${post.title}"></h2>
<p th:text="${post.content}"></p>
<p>By: <span th:text="${post.user.username}"></span></p>
<a th:href="@{/posts/{id}(id=${post.id})}">Read more</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>

#### 7.3 文章详情页面

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Post Details</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:text="${post.title}"></h1>
<p th:text="${post.content}"></p>
<h2>Comments</h2>
<div th:each="comment : ${comments}">
<p th:text="${comment.content}"></p>
<p>By: <span th:text="${comment.user.username}"></span></p>
<div th:each="reply : ${comment.replies}">
<p th:text="${reply.content}"></p>
<p>By: <span th:text="${reply.user.username}"></span></p>
</div>
<form th:action="@{/comments}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" th:value="${comment.id}" name="parentComment.id" />
<textarea name="content"></textarea>
<button type="submit">Reply</button>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

### 8. 富文本编辑器支持

在Thymeleaf模板中添加TinyMCE的支持：

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>New Post</title>
<script src="https://cdn.tiny.cloud/1/no-api-key/tinymce/5/tinymce.min.js"></script>
<script>
tinymce.init({
selector: '#content'
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/posts}" method="post">
<div>
<label for="title">Title:</label>
<input type="text" id="title" name="title" />
</div>
<div>
<label for="content">Content:</label>
<textarea id="content" name="content"></textarea>
</div>
<div>
<button type="submit">Save</button>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
```