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MyBatis：概念简章

news 2025/7/7 6:46:13

1. hello world

配置文件：mybatis-config.xml（核心配置文件，用于配置连接的数据库信息）（一般一个）XxxMapper.xml 该文件用于操作表（执行sql语句）（一张表一个）
细节：执行的sql语句";"可以省略一般有resource这个单词都会从类的根路径开始扫描文件

配置mybatis-config.xml文件
配置配置xxxMapper.xml文件
对数据库进行CRUD操作

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configurationPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--配置连接的数据库信息-->
<configuration><environments default="development"><environment id="development"><transactionManager type="JDBC"/><dataSource type="POOLED"><property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/><property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study"/><property name="username" value="root"/><property name="password" value="123456"/></dataSource></environment></environments><!--路径映射，要操作的表--><mappers><mapper resource="mapper/EmployeeMapper.xml"/></mappers>
</configuration>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--要进行CURD操作的表-->
<mapper namespace="EmployeeMapper"><!--<select id="selectUser" resultType="Blog">select * from Blog where id = 1</select>--><insert id="insertEmployee">insert into emp value (null, '姬如雪', 18, 2, '佛山');</insert>
</mapper>

    @Testpublic void testInsert() throws IOException {//获取对应的数据库配置信息（即要操作哪个数据库）InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");//Resources.getResourceAsStream默认从类的根路径开始寻找文件//获取SqlSessionFactoryBuilder（通过该对象创建工厂）（一般一个数据库对应一个SqlSessionFactory）SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();//获取SqlSessionFactory（通过该工厂创建SqlSession：Java程序和数据库之间的会话）SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);//获取SqlSession执行sql语句（即要操作哪张表）SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();//执行sql语句int rows = sqlSession.insert("insertEmployee");//提交事务sqlSession.commit();System.out.println("rows:" + rows);}

上面测试代码的严谨写法

    @Testpublic void testSelectComplete() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;try {//获取SqlSessionFactoryBuild对象SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();//获取SqlSessionFactory工厂SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));//获取SqlSession会话sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();int rows = sqlSession.insert("insertEmployee");sqlSession.commit();System.out.println("rows:" + rows);} catch (IOException e) {if (sqlSession != null) {sqlSession.rollback();}e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (sqlSession != null) {sqlSession.close();}}}

2. 封装工具类SqlSessionUtil

由于每次都需要创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder、SqlSessionFactory、SqlSession对象，可以直接封装成工具类方便调用

public class SqlSessionUtil {private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;static {try {sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}public static SqlSession openSession() {return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();}}

    @Testpublic void testSqlSessionUtil() {SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();int rows = sqlSession.insert("insertEmployee");sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();System.out.println("rows:" + rows);}

3. CRUD操作

3.1 增

    #{} 占位符
1.如果传map对象：占位符里面的参数要和map集合中的键相一致才能获取map集合中的value值
2.如果传bean对象：占位符里面的参数要和bean对象的属性名保持一致才能获取bean对象的数据

<mapper namespace="EmployeeMapper"><insert id="insertEmployee">insert into emp values (null, #{name}, #{age}, #{deptId}, #{address})</insert>
</mapper>

方式一：通过传map对象

    @Testpublic void tesInsertEmployee() {SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("name", "肚肚龙");map.put("age", 3);map.put("deptId", 1);map.put("address", "广东");//执行sql语句  底层执行sql语句时会根据map集合的键占位符相匹配，若一致就将值赋给占位符#{}sqlSession.insert("insertEmployee", map);sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}

方式二：通过传bean对象

public class Employee {private Integer id;private String name;private Integer age;private Integer deptId;private String address;

    @Testpublic void tesInsertEmployee() {SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();//执行sql语句  底层执行sql语句时会根据map集合的键占位符相匹配，若一致就将值赋给占位符#{}sqlSession.insert("insertEmployee", map);Employee e = new Employee(null, "肥奶龙", 2, 6, "江门");sqlSession.insert("insertEmployee", e);sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}

3.2 删

<mapper namespace="EmployeeMapper"><delete id="deleteEmployee">delete from emp where id = #{id}</delete>
</mapper>

    @Testpublic void testDeleteEmployee() {//获取sql会话SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();//执行sql语句，由于删除只需要一个参数，故随便传即可，他会自动识别int rows = sqlSession.delete("deleteEmployee", 10028);sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();System.out.println("rows:" + rows);}

3.3 改

<mapper namespace="EmployeeMapper"><update id="updateEmployee">update emp set name = #{name}, age= #{age}, dept_id = #{deptId}, address = #{address} where id = #{id}</update>
</mapper>

    @Testpublic void testUpdateEmployee() {//获取sql会话SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();Employee e = new Employee(10027, "胖胖龙", 1, 9, "长沙");//执行sql语句int rows = sqlSession.update("updateEmployee", e);sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();System.out.println("rows:" + rows);}

3.4 查

注意：因为查询的列大多要和bean对象的字段进行反射映射匹配赋值，故列要起别名保证和bean对象字段名一致
查询还有返回类型，要指定给查询标签，通过类型反射赋值为防止id冲突，需要引用命名空间，所有语句执行正确的写法为namespace.id

查询单个结果

<mapper namespace="EmployeeMapper"><select id="selectById" resultType="com.itgyl.mybatis.pojo.Employee">select id, name, age, dept_id deptId, address from emp where id = #{id}</select>
</mapper>

    @Testpublic void testSelectEmployeeById() {//获取sql会话SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();//执行sql语句 selectOne查询返回一个bean对象Object employee = sqlSession.selectOne("selectById", 1);sqlSession.close();System.out.println(employee);}

查询所有结果

<mapper namespace="EmployeeMapper"><select id="selectAll" resultType="com.itgyl.mybatis.pojo.Employee">select id, name, age, dept_id deptId, address from emp</select>
</mapper>

    @Testpublic void testSelectEmployeeAll() {SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession();/*查询所有bean对象存入list集合中并返回 最严谨写法：namespace.id*/List<Object> employeeList = sqlSession.selectList("EmployeeMapper.selectAll");for (Object o : employeeList) {System.out.println(o);}sqlSession.close();}

4. mybatis-config.xml文件概述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configurationPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--配置连接的数据库信息-->
<configuration><!--environments标签：环境可以有多个即可以同时配置多个数据库数据库不唯一，可以配置多个数据库信息即可以创建多个SqlSessionFactory工厂default的值为：不指定创建哪个SqlSessionFactory时默认使用id为default值的数据库--><environments default="development"><environment id="development"><!--在 MyBatis 中有两种类型的事务管理器（也就是 type="[JDBC|MANAGED]"）：transactionManage标签：事务管理器1.作用：指定mybatis用什么方式进行管理事务2.有两个type类型：1.JDBC：使用原生的jdbc管理容器coon.setAutoCommit(false)...coon.commit()2.MANAGED：mybatis不再管理事务，将事务管理器交给其他容器管理如javaEE容器进行管理（spring）--><transactionManager type="JDBC"/><!--dataSource 元素使用标准的 JDBC 数据源接口来配置 JDBC 连接对象的资源。datasource：数据源1.作用：为程序提供Connection对象（但凡为程序提供Connection对象的都称为数据源）2.常见的数据源组件（常见的数据库连接池）：druid等3.有三种内建的数据源类型（也就是 type="[UNPOOLED|POOLED|JNDI]"）：1.UNPOOLED– 这个数据源的实现会每次请求时打开和关闭连接。2.POOLED：使用mybatis自带的数据库连接池3.JNDI：集成其他第三方连接池--><dataSource type="POOLED"><property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/><property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study"/><property name="username" value="root"/><property name="password" value="123456"/></dataSource></environment></environments><!--Mappers标签：路径映射，要操作的表表不唯一，可以同时配置多个表进行操作即可以创建多少SqlSession--><mappers><mapper resource="mapper/EmployeeMapper.xml"/></mappers>
</configuration>

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