当前位置：首页 > news >正文

go之web框架gin

news 2025/8/17 10:43:38

介绍

Gin 是一个用 Go (Golang) 编写的 Web 框架。它具有类似 martini 的 API，性能要好得多，多亏了 httprouter，速度提高了 40 倍。如果您需要性能和良好的生产力，您一定会喜欢 Gin。

安装

go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

快速开始

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)func main() {r := gin.Default()r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {c.JSON(200, gin.H{"message": "pong",})})r.Run() // 监听并在 0.0.0.0:8080 上启动服务
}

接受请求参数

公共部分

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""net/http"
)func main() {router := gin.Default()//调用方法router.Run(":8080")
}

get请求

获取路径上数据（post一样）

使用gin.Context.Query("参数名")获取

func main() {router := gin.Default()testGetUrl(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testGetUrl(router *gin.Engine) {router.GET("/getUrl", func(c *gin.Context) {// 获取参数值name := c.Query("name")age := c.Query("age")// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": name,"age":  age,})})
}

获取路由参数（post一样）

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""io""net/http""net/url""os"
)func main() {router := gin.Default()testRouteParams(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testRouteParams(router *gin.Engine) {router.GET("/routeParams/:name/:age", func(c *gin.Context) {// 获取参数值name := c.Param("name")age := c.Param("age")// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": name,"age":  age,})})
}

获取cookie（post一样）

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""io""net/http""net/url""os"
)func main() {router := gin.Default()testCookies(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testCookies(router *gin.Engine) {router.GET("/cookies", func(c *gin.Context) {// 获取参数值name, _ := c.Cookie("name")age, _ := c.Cookie("age")// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": name,"age":  age,})})
}

获取表单参数（post一样）

func main() {router := gin.Default()testGetForm(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testGetForm(router *gin.Engine) {router.GET("/getForm", func(c *gin.Context) {var form User// 在这种情况下，将自动选择合适的绑定if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": form.Name,"age":  form.Age,})}})
}

获取请求头（post一样）

func main() {router := gin.Default()testGetHeader(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testGetHeader(router *gin.Engine) {router.GET("/getHeader", func(c *gin.Context) {// 获取参数值name := c.GetHeader("name")age := c.GetHeader("age")contentType := c.GetHeader("Content-Type")// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name":        name,"age":         age,"contentType": contentType,})})
}

post请求

获取请求体数据

和post表单一样

func main() {router := gin.Default()testPostForm(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testPostForm(router *gin.Engine) {router.POST("/postForm", func(c *gin.Context) {var form User// 在这种情况下，将自动选择合适的绑定if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": form.Name,"age":  form.Age,})}})
}

文件上传下载

上传单个文件

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""net/http"
)func main() {router := gin.Default()testUpload(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testUpload(router *gin.Engine) {// 为 multipart forms 设置较低的内存限制 (默认是 32 MiB)router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiBrouter.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {// 单文件file, _ := c.FormFile("file")dst := file.Filename// 上传文件至指定的完整文件路径c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": file.Filename,})})
}

上传多个文件

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""net/http"
)func main() {router := gin.Default()testUploadMany(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testUploadMany(router *gin.Engine) {// 为 multipart forms 设置较低的内存限制 (默认是 32 MiB)router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiBrouter.POST("/uploadMany", func(c *gin.Context) {// Multipart formform, _ := c.MultipartForm()fileNames := make([]string, 0)files := form.File["fileList"]for _, file := range files {// 上传文件至指定目录c.SaveUploadedFile(file, "filedir/"+file.Filename)fileNames = append(fileNames, file.Filename)}// 返回响应c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": fileNames,})})
}

下载文件

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""io""net/http""net/url""os"
)func main() {router := gin.Default()testDownload(router)router.Run(":8080")
}
func testDownload(router *gin.Engine) {router.POST("/download", func(c *gin.Context) {// 获取文件路径targetFileName := "照片1.png"filePath := "filedir/" + targetFileName// 检查文件是否存在_, err := os.Stat(filePath)if os.IsNotExist(err) {c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "File not found")return}//中文名称会乱码，导致下载失败，所以需要编码name := url.QueryEscape(targetFileName)// 设置响应头，指定文件名和内容类型c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+name)c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")// 打开文件file, err := os.Open(filePath)if err != nil {c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Error opening file")return}defer file.Close()// 将文件内容写入响应体_, err = io.Copy(c.Writer, file)if err != nil {c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Error copying file")return}})
}

由于是postman下载的，没法解析为中文，用浏览器下载就没问题了

日志

func main() {// 禁用控制台颜色，将日志写入文件时不需要控制台颜色。gin.DisableConsoleColor()// 记录到文件。f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)// 如果需要同时将日志写入文件和控制台，请使用以下代码。// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)router := gin.Default()router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {c.String(200, "pong")})router.Run(":8080")
}

路由组

func main() {router := gin.Default()// 简单的路由组: v1v1 := router.Group("/v1"){v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)}// 简单的路由组: v2v2 := router.Group("/v2"){v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)}router.Run(":8080")
}

运行多个服务

package mainimport ("log""net/http""time""github.com/gin-gonic/gin""golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)var (g errgroup.Group
)func router01() http.Handler {e := gin.New()e.Use(gin.Recovery())e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {c.JSON(http.StatusOK,gin.H{"code":  http.StatusOK,"error": "Welcome server 01",},)})return e
}func router02() http.Handler {e := gin.New()e.Use(gin.Recovery())e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {c.JSON(http.StatusOK,gin.H{"code":  http.StatusOK,"error": "Welcome server 02",},)})return e
}func main() {server01 := &http.Server{Addr:         ":8080",Handler:      router01(),ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,}server02 := &http.Server{Addr:         ":8081",Handler:      router02(),ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,}g.Go(func() error {return server01.ListenAndServe()})g.Go(func() error {return server02.ListenAndServe()})if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {log.Fatal(err)}
}

重定向

HTTP 重定向很容易。内部、外部重定向均支持。

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})

通过 POST 方法进行 HTTP 重定向。请参考 issue：#444

r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
})

路由重定向，使用 HandleContext：

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})

查看全文

http://www.lryc.cn/news/334820.html