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shell 脚本之一键部署安装 Nginx

news 2025/7/29 20:18:37

定义一个变量来存放 nginx 版本号

version=1.15.4

nginx 下载地址：http://nginx.org/download/

下列函数功能则是判断当前步骤是否执行成功，并将结果输出出来

function show_result(){if [ "$1" -eq 0 ]thenecho -e "\e[32m$2 is Success .   [ OK ] \e[0m"elseecho -e "\e[31m$2 is Fail .   [ FAIL ] \e[0m"fi
}

创建 nginx 用户和用户组（建议用大于 1000 的 GID 和 UID 号，表示普通用户）
这段代码里我做了一个条件判断：

如果在 /etc/passwd 和 /etc/group 文件中过滤出 nginx，表示已经创建了 nginx 用户和 nginx 用户组，就不再创建了
 

安装一些扩展包

function nginx_pkg(){local item="Packages Install"yum -y install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel > /dev/null 2>&1 show_result $? "${item}"
}

 

下载Nginx并解压缩

function nginx_download(){local item="Nginx Download"cd /usr/local/src && \wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${version}.tar.gz > /dev/null 2>&1 test -e /usr/local/src/nginx-${version} || tar zxf nginx-${version}.tar.gz rm -rf /usr/local/src/nginx-${version}.tar.gzshow_result $? "${item}"
}

 

编译安装 Nginx

这里也做了一个条件判断：

如果 /usr/local/nginx 目录存在，则说明 nginx 已经成功安装好了

function nginx_compile(){local item="Nginx Compile"cd /usr/local/src/nginx-${version}if [ `ls -l  /usr/local/ | grep 'nginx' | wc -l` -ge 1  ];thenecho -e "\e[31mNginx exist! \e[0m"else./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > /dev/null 2>&1 && make > /dev/null 2>&1 && make install > /dev/null 2>&1 fishow_result $? "${item}"
}

 

建立软连接

function nginx_softlink(){local item="Nginx Softlink"test -d /etc/nginx/ || ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/ /etc/nginxtest -e /usr/sbin/nginx || ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/show_result $? "${item}"
}

 注册服务

将 nginx 注册成服务之后就可以使用 systemctl 控制它了

function nginx_service(){local item="Nginx Service"test -e /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service || \ echo '
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm-f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true' > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.servicesystemctl daemon-reload show_result $? "${item}"
}

内核参数优化

function nginx_kernel(){local item="Optimize Kernel Arguments"cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.${current_time} > /dev/null 2>&1arch_ratio=$([[ ! -z $(uname -a | grep x86_64) ]] && expr 64 / 32 || expr 32 / 32)memory_size=$(free -b| awk 'NR==2{print $2}')nf_conntrack_size=$(expr ${memory_size} / 16384 / ${arch_ratio})#开启反向路径过滤add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#处理无源路由包add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0" /etc/sysctl.conf#core文件名中添加pid作为扩展名add_config_tofile "kernel.core_uses_pid = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#开启syn洪水攻击保护add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#修改消息队列长度add_config_tofile "kernel.msgmnb = 65536" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "kernel.msgmax = 65536" /etc/sysctl.conf#修改最大内存共享段大小bytesadd_config_tofile "kernel.shmmax = 68719476736" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "kernel.shmall = 4294967296" /etc/sysctl.conf#timewait数量默认18000add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 600" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.core.rmem_default = 8388608" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.core.wmem_max = 16777216" /etc/sysctl.conf#未收到客户端确认信息连接请求的最大值add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144" /etc/sysctl.conf#放弃建立连接之前发送的synack包add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2" /etc/sysctl.conf#开启重用，允许time—wait socket 重新用语新的tcp连接add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#防止简单的ddos攻击add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800" /etc/sysctl.conf#启用timewait快速收回add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0" /etc/sysctl.conf#keeptime启用时tcp发送keepalive消息的频度，默认2hadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600" /etc/sysctl.conf#允许系统打开的端口范围add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535" /etc/sysctl.conf#资源回收add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0" /etc/sysctl.conf#路由转发add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf #修改防火墙连接跟踪表大小，默认65535add_config_tofile "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = ${nf_conntrack_size}" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.nf_conntrack_max = ${nf_conntrack_size}" /etc/sysctl.conf#解禁pingadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0" /etc/sysctl.confmodprobe bridgesysctl -p > /dev/null 2>&1show_result $? "${item}"
}

启动nginx并开机自启

function nginx_start(){local item="Nginx start"systemctl enable nginx --now > /dev/null 2>&1show_result $? "${item}"
}

负责配置的写入函数

在上面的内核参数优化函数里面，我并没有使用 echo 将配置直接重定向到 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件里面

而是用了 add_config_tofile 函数，第一个参数是配置项，第二个参数是文件名

function add_config_tofile(){local keywords=`echo $1| awk -F "[= ]+" '{print $1}'`local SearchResult=`grep "^${keywords}" "$2"`if [ -z "${SearchResult}" ]thenecho $1 >> $2elsesed -i "s/^${keywords}.*/$1/" $2fi
}

main函数

function main(){user_createnginx_pkgnginx_downloadnginx_compilenginx_softlinknginx_servicenginx_kernelnginx_start
}

 

 完整代码

执行结果如下：

#! /bin/bashversion=1.15.4#判断函数是否执行成功
function show_result(){if [ "$1" -eq 0 ]thenecho -e "\e[32m$2 is Success .   [ OK ] \e[0m"elseecho -e "\e[31m$2 is Fail .   [ FAIL ] \e[0m"fi
}#创建 nginx 用户和用户组
function user_create(){local item="Create User and Group"if [ `cat /etc/{passwd,group} | grep nginx | wc -l ` -ge 2  ];thenecho -e "\e[31mUser and Group exist! \e[0m"elsegroupadd -g 1004 nginx && \useradd -u 1004 -g 1004 -M  -s /sbin/nologin nginx    show_result $? "${item}"fi
}#下载一些拓展包
function nginx_pkg(){local item="Packages Install"yum -y install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel > /dev/null 2>&1 show_result $? "${item}"
}#下载nginx
function nginx_download(){local item="Nginx Download"cd /usr/local/src && \wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${version}.tar.gz > /dev/null 2>&1 test -e /usr/local/src/nginx-${version} || tar zxf nginx-${version}.tar.gz rm -rf /usr/local/src/nginx-${version}.tar.gzshow_result $? "${item}"
}#编译安装
function nginx_compile(){local item="Nginx Compile"cd /usr/local/src/nginx-${version}if [ `ls -l  /usr/local/ | grep 'nginx' | wc -l` -ge 1  ];thenecho -e "\e[31mNginx exist! \e[0m"else./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > /dev/null 2>&1 && make > /dev/null 2>&1 && make install > /dev/null 2>&1 fishow_result $? "${item}"
}#软连接建立
function nginx_softlink(){local item="Nginx Softlink"test -d /etc/nginx/ || ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/ /etc/nginxtest -e /usr/sbin/nginx || ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/show_result $? "${item}"
}#注册服务
function nginx_service(){local item="Nginx Service"test -e /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service || \ echo '
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm-f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true' > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.servicesystemctl daemon-reload show_result $? "${item}"
}#内核优化
function nginx_kernel(){local item="Optimize Kernel Arguments"cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.${current_time} > /dev/null 2>&1arch_ratio=$([[ ! -z $(uname -a | grep x86_64) ]] && expr 64 / 32 || expr 32 / 32)memory_size=$(free -b| awk 'NR==2{print $2}')nf_conntrack_size=$(expr ${memory_size} / 16384 / ${arch_ratio})#开启反向路径过滤add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#处理无源路由包add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0" /etc/sysctl.conf#core文件名中添加pid作为扩展名add_config_tofile "kernel.core_uses_pid = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#开启syn洪水攻击保护add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#修改消息队列长度add_config_tofile "kernel.msgmnb = 65536" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "kernel.msgmax = 65536" /etc/sysctl.conf#修改最大内存共享段大小bytesadd_config_tofile "kernel.shmmax = 68719476736" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "kernel.shmall = 4294967296" /etc/sysctl.conf#timewait数量默认18000add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 600" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.core.rmem_default = 8388608" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.core.wmem_max = 16777216" /etc/sysctl.conf#未收到客户端确认信息连接请求的最大值add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144" /etc/sysctl.conf#放弃建立连接之前发送的synack包add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2" /etc/sysctl.conf#开启重用，允许time—wait socket 重新用语新的tcp连接add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf#防止简单的ddos攻击add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800" /etc/sysctl.conf#启用timewait快速收回add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0" /etc/sysctl.conf#keeptime启用时tcp发送keepalive消息的频度，默认2hadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600" /etc/sysctl.conf#允许系统打开的端口范围add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535" /etc/sysctl.conf#资源回收add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0" /etc/sysctl.conf#路由转发add_config_tofile "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" /etc/sysctl.conf #修改防火墙连接跟踪表大小，默认65535add_config_tofile "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = ${nf_conntrack_size}" /etc/sysctl.confadd_config_tofile "net.nf_conntrack_max = ${nf_conntrack_size}" /etc/sysctl.conf#解禁pingadd_config_tofile "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0" /etc/sysctl.confmodprobe bridgesysctl -p > /dev/null 2>&1show_result $? "${item}"
}#启动 nginx
function nginx_start(){local item="Nginx start"systemctl enable nginx --now > /dev/null 2>&1show_result $? "${item}"
}#负责写入配置的函数
function add_config_tofile(){local keywords=`echo $1| awk -F "[= ]+" '{print $1}'`local SearchResult=`grep "^${keywords}" "$2"`if [ -z "${SearchResult}" ]thenecho $1 >> $2elsesed -i "s/^${keywords}.*/$1/" $2fi
}
#主函数
function main(){user_createnginx_pkgnginx_downloadnginx_compilenginx_softlinknginx_servicenginx_kernelnginx_start
}main

 

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