【VUE】六 路由和传值
目录
一、 路由和传值
二、案例
三、案例存在无法刷新问题
一、 路由和传值
当某个组件可以根据某些参数值的不同，展示不同效果时，需要用到动态路由。
例如：访问网站看到课程列表，点击某个课程，就可以跳转到课程详细页面（根据课程ID不同展示不同数据）。
如何来设置动态路由呢？
-
定义路由（可以使用别名定义路由、可以实现动态值）
const router = new VueRouter({routes: [{ path: '/', component: Home},{ path: '/course', component: Course, name: "Course"}{ path: '/detail/:id', component: Detail, name: "Detail"}],
})HTML展示：（前三个就写死了）
<div><router-link to="/">首页</router-link><router-link to="/course">课程</router-link><router-link to="/detail/123">课程</router-link><router-link :to="{path:'/course'}">课程</router-link><router-link :to="{path:'/course?size=19&page=2'}">课程</router-link><router-link :to="{path:'/course', query:{size:19,page:2}">课程</router-link><router-link :to="{name:'Course'}">课程</router-link><router-link :to="{name:'Course', query:{size:19,page:2} }">课程</router-link><router-link :to="{path:'/detail/22',query:{size:123}}">Linux</router-link><router-link :to="{name:'Detail',params:{id:3}, query:{size:29}}">网络安全</router-link>
</div><h1>内容区域</h1>
<router-view></router-view>组件获取URL传值和GET参数
const Detail = {data: function () {return {title: "详细页面",paramDict: null,queryDict: null,}},created: function () {this.paramDict = this.$route.params;this.queryDict = this.$route.query;// 发送axios请求},template: `<div><h2>{{title}}</h2><div>当前请求的数据 {{paramDict}} {{queryDict}}</div></div>`}二、案例
结合上面的路由实现案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><style>body {margin: 0;}.container {width: 1100px;margin: 0 auto;}.menu {height: 48px;background-color: #499ef3;line-height: 48px;}.menu a {color: white;text-decoration: none;padding: 0 10px;}.course-list {display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: flex-start;}.course-list .item {width: 248px;padding: 10px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin-right: 5px;margin-top: 10px;}.course-list .item img {width: 100%;height: 120px;}</style><script src="./js/vue.min.js"></script><script src="./js/vue-router.js"></script><script src="./js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"><div class="menu"><div class="container"><router-link to="/">申请入会</router-link><router-link to="/home">首页</router-link><router-link to="/course">写真</router-link><router-link to="/news">资讯</router-link></div></div><div class="container"><router-view></router-view></div></div><script>const Home = {data: function () {return {title: "欢迎进入交友平台"}},template: `<h2>{{title}}</h2>`}const Course = {data: function () {return {courseList: []}},created: function () {/* 组件创建完成之后自动触发【此时组件的对象已创建，但还未将页面先关的DOM创建并显示在页面上】- 可以去操作组件对象，例如：this.courseList = [11,22,33]- 不可以去操作DOM，例如：document.getElementById （未创建）*/axios({method: "get",url: 'https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/course/actual/?limit=5&offset=0',headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json"}}).then((res) => {this.courseList = res.data.data.result;})},mounted: function () {/* DOM对象已在页面上生成，此时就可以 */},template: `<div class="course-list"><div class="item" v-for="item in courseList"><router-link :to="{name:'Detail',params:{id:item.id}}"><img :src="item.cover" alt=""><a>{{item.name}}</a></router-link></div></div>`}const News = {data: function () {return {dataList: []}},created: function () {/* 组件创建完成之后自动触发【此时组件的对象已创建，但还未将页面先关的DOM创建并显示在页面上】- 可以去操作组件对象，例如：this.courseList = [11,22,33]- 不可以去操作DOM，例如：document.getElementById （未创建）*/axios({method: "get",url: 'https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/course/actual/?limit=5&offset=10',headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json"}}).then((res) => {this.dataList = res.data.data.result;})},template: `<ul><li v-for="item in dataList">{{item.name}}</li></ul>`}const Detail = {data: function () {return {title: "详细页面",courseId: null}},created: function () {this.courseId = this.$route.params.id;// 此处可以根据课程ID，发送ajax请求获取课程详细信息},template: `<div><h2>课程详细页面</h2><div>当前课程ID为：{{courseId}}</div></div>`}const router = new VueRouter({routes: [{path: '/', component: Home},{path: '/home', component: Home},{path: '/course', component: Course},{path: '/news', component: News},{path: '/detail/:id', component: Detail, name: 'Detail'}],//mode: 'history'})var app = new Vue({el: '#app',data: {},methods: {},router: router})
</script>
</body>
</html>三、案例存在无法刷新问题
上述编写案例是没有问题，但如果在开发中会涉及到 同一个路由的跳转（默认不会重新加载页面，数据无法获取）。
例如：在详细页面再出现一个课程推荐，即：在课程详细，点击推荐的课程后跳转到课程详细页面（课程ID不同），此时课程的ID还是原来加载的ID，无法获取推荐课程的ID。
如何解决呢？
在课程详细的组件中设置watch属性即可，watch会监测$route 值，一旦发生变化，就执行相应的函数。
const Detail = {data: function () {return {title: "详细页面",courseId: null,}},created: function () {this.courseId = this.$route.params.id;this.getCourseDetail();},watch: {$route:function(to, from) {this.courseId = to.params.id;// this.getCourseDetail();}},methods: {getCourseDetail: function () {// 根据this.courseId获取课程详细信息}},template: `<div><h2>{{title}}</h2><div>当前请求的数据 {{paramDict}} {{queryDict}}</div></div>`
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><style>body {margin: 0;}.container {width: 1100px;margin: 0 auto;}.menu {height: 48px;background-color: #499ef3;line-height: 48px;}.menu a {color: white;text-decoration: none;padding: 0 10px;}.course-list {display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: flex-start;}.course-list .item {width: 248px;padding: 10px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin-right: 5px;margin-top: 10px;}.course-list .item img {width: 100%;height: 120px;}</style><script src="./js/vue.min.js"></script><script src="./js/vue-router.js"></script><script src="./js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"><div class="menu"><div class="container"><router-link to="/">路飞学城</router-link><router-link to="/home">首页</router-link><router-link to="/course">课程</router-link><router-link to="/news">资讯</router-link></div></div><div class="container"><router-view></router-view></div></div><script>const Home = {data: function () {return {title: "欢迎使用路飞学城"}},template: `<h2>{{title}}</h2>`}const Course = {data: function () {return {courseList: []}},created: function () {/* 组件创建完成之后自动触发【此时组件的对象已创建，但还未将页面先关的DOM创建并显示在页面上】- 可以去操作组件对象，例如：this.courseList = [11,22,33]- 不可以去操作DOM，例如：document.getElementById （未创建）*/axios({method: "get",url: 'https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/course/actual/?limit=5&offset=0',headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json"}}).then((res) => {this.courseList = res.data.data.result;})},mounted: function () {/* DOM对象已在页面上生成，此时就可以 */},template: `<div class="course-list"><div class="item" v-for="item in courseList"><router-link :to="{name:'Detail',params:{id:item.id}}"><img :src="item.cover" alt=""><a>{{item.name}}</a></router-link></div></div>`}const News = {data: function () {return {dataList: []}},created: function () {/* 组件创建完成之后自动触发【此时组件的对象已创建，但还未将页面先关的DOM创建并显示在页面上】- 可以去操作组件对象，例如：this.courseList = [11,22,33]- 不可以去操作DOM，例如：document.getElementById （未创建）*/axios({method: "get",url: 'https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/course/actual/?limit=5&offset=10',headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json"}}).then((res) => {this.dataList = res.data.data.result;})},template: `<ul><li v-for="item in dataList">{{item.name}}</li></ul>`}const Detail = {data: function () {return {title: "详细页面",courseId: null,hotCourseList: [{id: 1000, title: "python全栈开发"},{id: 2000, title: "异步编程"},],}},created: function () {this.courseId = this.$route.params.id;// 此处可以根据课程ID，发送ajax请求获取课程详细信息this.getCourseDetail();},watch: {$route: function (to, from) {this.courseId = to.params.id;this.getCourseDetail();}},methods: {getCourseDetail: function () {// 根据this.courseId获取课程详细信息}},template: `<div><h2>课程详细页面</h2><div>当前课程ID为：{{courseId}}</div><h3>课程推荐</h3><ul><li v-for="item in hotCourseList"><router-link :to="{name:'Detail', params:{id:item.id}}">{{item.title}}</router-link></li></ul></div>`}const router = new VueRouter({routes: [{path: '/', component: Home},{path: '/home', component: Home},{path: '/course', component: Course},{path: '/news', component: News},{path: '/detail:id', component: Detail, name: 'Detail'}],//mode: 'history'})var app = new Vue({el: '#app',data: {},methods: {},router: router})
</script>
</body>
</html>