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[尚硅谷React笔记]——第9章 ReactRouter6

news 2025/8/10 7:17:54

目录：

  1. 课程说明
  2. 一级路由
  3. 重定向
  4. NavLink高亮
  5. useRoutes路由表
  6. 嵌套路由
  7. 路由的params参数
  8. 路由的search参数
  9. 路由的state参数
  10. 编程式路由导航
  11. useRouterContext
  12. useNavigationType
  13. useOutlet
  14. useResolvedPath()
  15. 总结
  16. 项目地址

1.课程说明

概述

  • React Router以三个不同的包发布到npm 上，它们分别为:
    • 1.react-router:路由的核心库，提供了很多的:组件、钩子。
    • 2.react-router-dom:包含react-router所有内容，并添加一些专门用于DOM的组件，例如<BrowserRouter>等。
    • 3. react-router-native:包括react-router所有内容，并添加一些专门用于ReactNative的API例如:<NativeRouter>等。
  • 2.与React Router 5.x版本相比，改变了什么?
    • 1.内置组件的变化:移除<Switch/>，新增<Routes/>等。
    • ⒉.语法的变化: component={About]变为element={<About/>}等。
    • 3.新增多个hook: useParams 、useNavigate 、useMatch 等。
    • 4.官方明确推荐函数式组件了!!!

2.一级路由 

About.jsx

import React from 'react';function About(props) {return (<div><h3>我是About的内容</h3></div>);
}export default About;

Home.jsx

import React from 'react';function Home(props) {return (<div><h3>我是Home的内容</h3></div>);
}export default Home;

 App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, Routes, Route} from "react-router-dom";
import About from "./pages/About";
import Home from "./pages/Home";function App(props) {return (<div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2></div></div></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body"><Routes><Route path="/about" element={<About></About>}></Route><Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route></Routes></div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import App from './App';
import {BrowserRouter} from "react-router-dom";const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));root.render(<BrowserRouter><App/></BrowserRouter>
);

3.重定向

App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, Routes, Route, Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import About from "./pages/About";
import Home from "./pages/Home";function App(props) {return (<div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2></div></div></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body"><Routes><Route path="/ABOUT" caseSensitive element={<About></About>}></Route><Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route><Route path="/" element={<Navigate to="/about"/>}></Route></Routes></div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

 Home.jsx

import React, {useState} from 'react';
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";function Home(props) {const [sum, setSum] = useState(1)return (<div><h3>我是Home的内容</h3>{sum === 2 ? <Navigate to="/about/" replace={true}/> : <h4>当前sum的值是：{sum}</h4>}<button onClick={() => setSum(2)}>点我将sum变为2</button></div>);
}export default Home;

4.NavLink高亮

App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, Routes, Route, Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import About from "./pages/About";
import Home from "./pages/Home";function App(props) {function computedClassName({isActive}) {return isActive ? 'list-group-item atguigu' : 'list-group-item'}return (<div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2></div></div></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className={computedClassName} to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className={computedClassName} to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body"><Routes><Route path="/about" element={<About></About>}></Route><Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route><Route path="/" element={<Navigate to="/about"/>}></Route></Routes></div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

 About.jsx

import React from 'react';function About(props) {return (<div><h3>我是About的内容</h3></div>);
}export default About;

Home.jsx

import React from 'react';function Home(props) {return (<div><h3>我是Home的内容</h3></div>);
}export default Home;

5.useRoutes路由表

route/index.js

import About from "../pages/About";
import Home from "../pages/Home";
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";export default [{path: '/about',element: <About></About>},{path: '/home',element: <Home></Home>},{path: '/',element: <Navigate to="/about"></Navigate>},
]

 App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, useRoutes} from "react-router-dom";
import routes from "./routes";function App(props) {const element = useRoutes(routes)return (<div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2></div></div></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body">{/*<Routes>*/}{/*    <Route path="/about" element={<About></About>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/" element={<Navigate to="/about"/>}></Route>*/}{/*</Routes>*/}{element}</div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

 6.嵌套路由

 App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, useRoutes} from "react-router-dom";
import routes from "./routes";function App(props) {const element = useRoutes(routes)return (<div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2></div></div></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className="list-group-item" end to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body">{/*<Routes>*/}{/*    <Route path="/about" element={<About></About>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/" element={<Navigate to="/about"/>}></Route>*/}{/*</Routes>*/}{element}</div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

route/index.js

import About from "../pages/About";
import Home from "../pages/Home";
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import News from "../pages/News";
import Message from "../pages/Message";export default [{path: '/about',element: <About></About>},{path: '/home',element: <Home></Home>,children: [{path: 'news',element: <News></News>},{path: 'message',element: <Message></Message>}]},{path: '/',element: <Navigate to="/about"></Navigate>},
]

News.jsx

import React from 'react';function News(props) {return (<div><ul><li>news001</li><li>news002</li><li>news003</li></ul></div>);
}export default News;

Message.jsx

import React from 'react';function Message(props) {return (<div><ul><li><a href="/message1">message001</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/message2">message002</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/message/3">message003</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul></div>);
}export default Message;

Home.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, Outlet} from "react-router-dom";function Home(props) {return (<div><h2>Home组件内容</h2><div><ul className="nav nav-tabs"><li><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="news">News</NavLink>{/*<NavLink className="list-group-item" to="./news">News</NavLink>*/}{/*<NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/home/news">News</NavLink>*/}</li><li><NavLink className="list-group-item " to="message">Message</NavLink>{/*<NavLink className="list-group-item " to="./message">Message</NavLink>*/}{/*<NavLink className="list-group-item " to="/home/message">Message</NavLink>*/}</li></ul><Outlet></Outlet></div></div>);
}export default Home;

About.jsx

import React from 'react';function About(props) {return (<div><h3>我是About的内容</h3></div>);
}export default About;

7.路由的params参数

Detail.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useMatch, useParams} from "react-router-dom";function Detail(props) {const {id, title, content} = useParams()const x = useMatch('/home/message/detail/:id/:title/:content')console.log(x)return (<div><ul><li>消息编号：{id}</li><li>消息标题：{title}</li><li>消息内容:{content}</li></ul></div>);
}export default Detail;

Message.jsx

import React, {useState} from 'react';
import {Link, Outlet} from "react-router-dom";function Message(props) {const [messages] = useState([{id: '001', title: '消息1', content: '锄禾日当午'},{id: '002', title: '消息2', content: '汗滴禾下土'},{id: '003', title: '消息3', content: '谁知盘中餐'},{id: '004', title: '消息4', content: '粒粒皆辛苦'},])return (<div><ul>{messages.map((m) => {return (<li key={m.id}><Link to={`detail/${m.id}/${m.title}/${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>)})}</ul><hr></hr><Outlet></Outlet></div>);
}export default Message;

routes/index.js

import About from "../pages/About";
import Home from "../pages/Home";
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import News from "../pages/News";
import Message from "../pages/Message";
import Detail from "../pages/Detail";export default [{path: '/about',element: <About></About>},{path: '/home',element: <Home></Home>,children: [{path: 'news',element: <News></News>},{path: 'message',element: <Message></Message>,children: [{path: 'detail/:id/:title/:content',element: <Detail></Detail>}]}]},{path: '/',element: <Navigate to="/about"></Navigate>},
]

8.路由的search参数

Detail.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useLocation, useSearchParams} from "react-router-dom";function Detail(props) {const [search, setSearch] = useSearchParams()const id = search.get('id')const title = search.get('title')const content = search.get('content')const x = useLocation()console.log(x)return (<div><ul><li><button onClick={() => setSearch('id=008&title=哈哈&content=嘻嘻')}>点我更新一下收到的search参数</button></li><li>消息编号：{id}</li><li>消息标题：{title}</li><li>消息内容：{content}</li></ul></div>);
}export default Detail;

Message.jsx

import React, {useState} from 'react';
import {Link, Outlet} from "react-router-dom";function Message(props) {const [messages] = useState([{id: '001', title: '消息1', content: '锄禾日当午'},{id: '002', title: '消息2', content: '汗滴禾下土'},{id: '003', title: '消息3', content: '谁知盘中餐'},{id: '004', title: '消息4', content: '粒粒皆辛苦'},])return (<div><ul>{messages.map((m) => {return (<li key={m.id}>{/*<Link to={`detail/${m.id}/${m.title}/${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>&nbsp;&nbsp;*/}<Link to={`detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}&content=${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>)})}</ul><hr></hr><Outlet></Outlet></div>);
}export default Message;

index.js

import About from "../pages/About";
import Home from "../pages/Home";
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import News from "../pages/News";
import Message from "../pages/Message";
import Detail from "../pages/Detail";export default [{path: '/about',element: <About></About>},{path: '/home',element: <Home></Home>,children: [{path: 'news',element: <News></News>},{path: 'message',element: <Message></Message>,children: [{path: 'detail',element: <Detail></Detail>}]}]},{path: '/',element: <Navigate to="/about"></Navigate>},
]

9.路由的state参数

Detail.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useLocation} from "react-router-dom";function Detail(props) {const {state: {id, title, content}} = useLocation()return (<div><ul><li>消息编号：{id}</li><li>消息标题：{title}</li><li>消息内容：{content}</li></ul></div>);
}export default Detail;

Message.jsx

import React, {useState} from 'react';
import {Link, Outlet} from "react-router-dom";function Message(props) {const [messages] = useState([{id: '001', title: '消息1', content: '锄禾日当午'},{id: '002', title: '消息2', content: '汗滴禾下土'},{id: '003', title: '消息3', content: '谁知盘中餐'},{id: '004', title: '消息4', content: '粒粒皆辛苦'},])return (<div><ul>{messages.map((m) => {return (<li key={m.id}>{/*<Link to={`detail/${m.id}/${m.title}/${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>&nbsp;&nbsp;*/}{/*<Link to={`detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}&content=${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>*/}<Link to="detail"state={{id: m.id, title: m.title, content: m.content}}>{m.title}</Link>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>)})}</ul><hr></hr><Outlet></Outlet></div>);
}export default Message;

routes/index.js

import About from "../pages/About";
import Home from "../pages/Home";
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import News from "../pages/News";
import Message from "../pages/Message";
import Detail from "../pages/Detail";export default [{path: '/about',element: <About></About>},{path: '/home',element: <Home></Home>,children: [{path: 'news',element: <News></News>},{path: 'message',element: <Message></Message>,children: [{path: 'detail',element: <Detail></Detail>}]}]},{path: '/',element: <Navigate to="/about"></Navigate>},
]

10.编程式路由导航

Header.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useNavigate} from "react-router-dom";function Header(props) {const navigate = useNavigate()function back() {navigate(-1)}function forward() {navigate(1)}return (<div><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2><button onClick={back}>后退</button><button onClick={forward}>前进</button></div></div></div>);
}export default Header;

Message.jsx

import React, {useState} from 'react';
import {Link, Outlet, useNavigate} from "react-router-dom";function Message(props) {const [messages] = useState([{id: '001', title: '消息1', content: '锄禾日当午'},{id: '002', title: '消息2', content: '汗滴禾下土'},{id: '003', title: '消息3', content: '谁知盘中餐'},{id: '004', title: '消息4', content: '粒粒皆辛苦'},])const navigate = useNavigate()function showDetail(m) {navigate('detail', {replace: false, state: {id: m.id, title: m.title, content: m.content}})}return (<div><ul>{messages.map((m) => {return (<li key={m.id}>{/*<Link to={`detail/${m.id}/${m.title}/${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>&nbsp;&nbsp;*/}{/*<Link to={`detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}&content=${m.content}`}>{m.title}</Link>*/}<Link to="detail"state={{id: m.id, title: m.title, content: m.content}}>{m.title}</Link><button onClick={() => showDetail(m)}>查看详情</button></li>)})}</ul><hr></hr><Outlet></Outlet></div>);
}export default Message;

App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, useRoutes} from "react-router-dom";
import routes from "./routes";
import Header from "./components/Header";function App(props) {const element = useRoutes(routes)return (<div><div className="row"><Header></Header></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body">{/*<Routes>*/}{/*    <Route path="/about" element={<About></About>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/" element={<Navigate to="/about"/>}></Route>*/}{/*</Routes>*/}{element}</div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

11.useRouterContext

  • uselnRouterContext()
  • 作用:如果组件在<Router>的上下文中呈现，则useInRouterContext钩子返回true，否则返回false。

index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import App from './App';
import {BrowserRouter} from "react-router-dom";
import Demo from "./components/Demo";const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));root.render(<Demo></Demo>,<BrowserRouter><App/></BrowserRouter>
);

 App.js

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, useInRouterContext, useRoutes} from "react-router-dom";
import routes from "./routes";
import Header from "./components/Header";function App(props) {const element = useRoutes(routes)console.log('@',useInRouterContext())return (<div><div className="row"><Header></Header></div><div className="row"><div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2"><div className="list-group"><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</NavLink><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="/home">Home</NavLink></div></div><div className="col-xs-6"><div className="panel"><div className="panel-body">{/*<Routes>*/}{/*    <Route path="/about" element={<About></About>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/home" element={<Home></Home>}></Route>*/}{/*    <Route path="/" element={<Navigate to="/about"/>}></Route>*/}{/*</Routes>*/}{element}</div></div></div></div></div>);
}export default App;

Demo.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useInRouterContext} from "react-router-dom";function Demo(props) {console.log(useInRouterContext())return (<div>demo</div>);
}export default Demo;

 Header.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useInRouterContext, useNavigate} from "react-router-dom";function Header(props) {const navigate = useNavigate()console.log(useInRouterContext())function back() {navigate(-1)}function forward() {navigate(1)}return (<div><div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8"><div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2><button onClick={back}>后退</button><button onClick={forward}>前进</button></div></div></div>);
}export default Header;

12.useNavigationType

  • useNavigationType()
  • 作用:返回当前的导航类型（(用户是如何来到当前页面的)。
  • 返回值:POP、PUSH、REPLACE]。
  • 备注:PoP是指在浏览器中直接打开了这个路由组件（刷新页面)。

 News.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useNavigationType} from "react-router-dom";function News(props) {console.log(useNavigationType())return (<div><ul><li>news001</li><li>news002</li><li>news003</li></ul></div>);
}export default News;

 

13.useOutlet

  • useOutlet()
  • 作用:用来呈现当前组件中要渲染的嵌套路由。
  • 示例代码:
const result = useoutlet( )
console.log( result)
//如果嵌套路由没有挂载,则result为null
//如果嵌套路由已经挂载,则展示嵌套的路由对象

Home.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {NavLink, Outlet, useOutlet} from "react-router-dom";function Home(props) {console.log(useOutlet())return (<div><h2>Home组件内容</h2><div><ul className="nav nav-tabs"><li><NavLink className="list-group-item" to="news">News</NavLink></li><li><NavLink className="list-group-item " to="message">Message</NavLink></li></ul><Outlet></Outlet></div></div>);
}export default Home;

 

14.useResolvedPath()

  • useResolvedPath()
  • 作用:给定一个URL值，解析其中的: path、search、hash值。 

News.jsx

import React from 'react';
import {useResolvedPath} from "react-router-dom";function News(props) {console.log(useResolvedPath('/user?id=001&name=tom#qwe'))return (<div><ul><li>news001</li><li>news002</li><li>news003</li></ul></div>);
}export default News;

15.总结：

2.Component

1. <BrowserRouter>

  • 说明:<BrowserRouter>用于包裹整个应用。
  • 示例代码:
  • import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom" ;
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom" ;ReactDOM.render(
<BrowserRouter>
{/*整体结构（通常为App组件）*/}
</BrowserRouter> ,root
);

2.<HashRouter>

  • 说明:作用与<BrowserRouter>一样，但<HashRouter>修改的是地址栏的hash值。
  • 备注:6.x版本中<HashRouter>、<BrowserRouter>的用法与5.x相同。

3.<Routes/> 与<Route/>

  1. v6版本中移出了先前的<Switch>，引入了新的替代者:<Routes>。
  2. <Routes>和<Route>要配合使用，且必须要用<Routes>包裹<Route>。
  3. <Route>相当于一个if语句，如果其路径与当前URL匹配，则呈现其对应的组件。 
  4. <Route caseSensitive>属性用于指定:匹配时是否区分大小写(默认为false)。
  5. 当URL发生变化时，<Routes>都会查看其所有子<Route>元素以找到最佳匹配并呈现组件。
  6. <cRoute也可以嵌套使用，且可配合useRoutes()配置“路由表”，但需要通过<outlet>组件来渲染其子路由。
  7. 示例代码:

4.<Link>

  • 作用:修改URL，且不发送网络请求(路由链接)。

5.<NavLink>

  • 作用:与<Link>组件类似，且可实现导航的“高亮"效果。
  • 示例代码: 

 

6.<Navigate>

  • 作用:只要<Navigate>组件被渲染，就会修改路径，切换视图。
  • replace属性用于控制跳转模式(push或 replace，默认是push) 。
  • 示例代码: 

 

7. <outlet>

  • 当<Route>产生嵌套时，渲染其对应的后续子路由。
3.Hooks

1.useRoutes()

  • 作用:根据路由表，动态创建<Routes>和<Route> 。

2.useNavigate

  • 作用:返回一个函数用来实现编程式导航。
  • 示例代码: 

 

3. useParams()

  • 作用:回当前匹配路由的params参数，类似于5.x中的match.params .
  • 示例代码:

 

4.useSearchParams() 

  • 作用:用于读取和修改当前位置的URL中的查询字符串。
  • 返回一个包含两个值的数组，内容分别为:当前的seaech参数、更新search的函数。
  • 示例代码:

 

5.useLocation()

  • 作用:获取当前location信息，对标5.x中的路由组件的location属性。
  • 示例代码: 

 

6.useMatch() 

  • 作用:返回当前匹配信息，对标5.x中的路由组件的match属性。
  • 示例代码:

 

16.项目地址

 https://gitee.com/coderPatrickStar/react/tree/master/20231003

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