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kafka安装和使用的入门教程

news 2025/6/29 8:58:54

这篇文章简单介绍如何在ubuntu上安装kafka，并使用kafka完成消息的发送和接收。

一、安装kafka

访问kafka官网Apache Kafka，然后点击快速开始

紧接着，点击Download

最后点击下载链接下载安装包

如果下载缓慢，博主已经把安装包上传到百度网盘：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1nZ1duIt64ZVUsimaQ1meZA?pwd=3aoh
提取码：3aoh
--来自百度网盘超级会员V3的分享

二、启动kafka

经过上一步下载完成后，按照页面的提示启动kafka

1、通过远程连接工具，如finalshell、xshell上传kafka_2.13-3.6.0.tgz到服务器上的usr目录

2、切换到usr目录，解压kafka_2.13-3.6.0.tgz

cd /usrtar -zxzf kafka_2.13-3.6.0.tgz

3、启动zookeeper

修改配置文件confg/zookeeper.properties，修改一下数据目录

dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper

然后通过以下命令启动kafka自带的zookeeper

bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties

4、启动kafka

修改配置文件confg/server.properties，修改一下kafka保存日志的目录

log.dirs=/usr/local/kafka/logs

然后新开一个连接窗口，通过以下命令启动kafka

bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties

三、kafka发送、接收消息

创建topic

bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --topic hello --bootstrap-server localhost:9092

生产消息

往刚刚创建的topic里发送消息，可以一次性发送多条消息，点击Ctrl+C完成发送

bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic hello

消费消息

消费最新的消息

新开一个连接窗口，在命令行输入以下命令拉取topic为hello上的消息

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic hello

消费之前的消息

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --from-beginning --topic hello

指定偏移量消费

指定从第几条消息开始消费，这里--offset参数设置的偏移量是从0开始的。

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --partition 0 --offset 1 --topic hello

消息的分组消费

每个消费者都可以指定一个消费者组， kafka 中的同一条消息，只能被同一个消费者组下的某一个消费者消费。而不属于同一个消费者组的其他消费者，也可以消费到这一条消息。

通过以下命令在启动消费者时设置分组：

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --consumer-property group.id=helloGroup --topic hello

四、Java中使用kafka

通过maven官网搜索kafka的maven依赖版本

https://central.sonatype.com/search?q=kafkahttps://central.sonatype.com/search?q=kafka然后通过IntelliJ IDEA创建一个maven项目kafka，在pom.xml中添加kafka的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>kafka</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId><artifactId>kafka_2.12</artifactId><version>3.6.0</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

创建消息生产者

生产者工厂类

package producer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Producer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;import java.util.Properties;/*** 消息生产者工厂类* @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class MessageProducerFactory {private static final String BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS = "192.168.254.128:9092";public static Producer<String, String> getProducer() {//PART1:设置发送者相关属性Properties props = new Properties();// 此处配置的是kafka的端口props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS);// 配置key的序列化类props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");// 配置value的序列化类props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");return new KafkaProducer<>(props);}}

测试发送消息

package producer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Callback;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Producer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.RecordMetadata;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class MessageProducer {private static final String TOPIC = "hello";public static void main(String[] args) {ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, "1", "Message From Producer.");Producer<String, String> producer = MessageProducerFactory.getProducer();// 同步发送消息producer.send(record);// 异步发送消息producer.send(record, new Callback() {@Overridepublic void onCompletion(RecordMetadata recordMetadata, Exception e) {String topic = recordMetadata.topic();long offset = recordMetadata.offset();int partition = recordMetadata.partition();String message = recordMetadata.toString();System.out.println("topic = " + topic);System.out.println("offset = " + offset);System.out.println("message = " + message);System.out.println("partition = " + partition);}});// 加上这行代码才会发送消息producer.close();}}

创建消息消费者

消费者工厂类

package consumer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.Consumer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;import java.util.Properties;/*** 消息生产者工厂类* @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class MessageConsumerFactory {private static final String BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS = "192.168.254.128:9092";public static Consumer<String, String> getConsumer() {//PART1:设置发送者相关属性Properties props = new Properties();//kafka地址props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS);//每个消费者要指定一个groupprops.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "helloGroup");//key序列化类props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");//value序列化类props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");return new KafkaConsumer<>(props);}}

测试消费消息

package consumer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.Consumer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Collections;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class MessageConsumer {private static final String TOPIC = "hello";public static void main(String[] args) {Consumer<String, String> consumer = MessageConsumerFactory.getConsumer();consumer.subscribe(Collections.singletonList(TOPIC));while (true) {ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofNanos(100));for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {System.out.println(record.key() + ": " + record.value());}// 提交偏移量，避免消息重复推送consumer.commitSync(); // 同步提交// consumer.commitAsync(); // 异步提交}}}

五、springboot整合kafka

开始前的准备工作

然后通过IntelliJ IDEA创建一个springboot项目springboot-kafka，在pom.xml中添加kafka的依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId><artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>

然后修改application.yml，添加kafka相关配置

spring:kafka:bootstrap-servers: 192.168.254.128:9092producer:acks: 1retries: 3batch-size: 16384properties:linger:ms: 0buffer-memory: 33554432key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializervalue-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializerconsumer:group-id: helloGroupenable-auto-commit: falseauto-commit-interval: 1000auto-offset-reset: latestproperties:request:timeout:ms: 18000session:timeout:ms: 12000key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializervalue-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer

创建消息生产者

package com.example.springboot.kafka.producer;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/producer", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
public class KafkaProducer {private final KafkaTemplate<String, Object> kafkaTemplate;@Autowiredpublic KafkaProducer(KafkaTemplate<String, Object> kafkaTemplate) {this.kafkaTemplate = kafkaTemplate;}@RequestMapping(value = "/sendMessage", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String sendMessage(String message) {kafkaTemplate.send("hello", message);return "发送成功~";}}

创建消息消费者

package com.example.springboot.kafka.consumer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Component
public class KafkaConsumer {@KafkaListener(topics = "hello")public void receiveMessage(ConsumerRecord<String, String> record) {String topic = record.topic();long offset = record.offset();int partition = record.partition();System.out.println("topic = " + topic);System.out.println("offset = " + offset);System.out.println("partition = " + partition);}}

然后访问网址http://localhost:8080/producer/sendMessage?message=hello往topic为hello的消息队列发送消息。控制台打印了参数，成功监听到发送的消息。