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prometheus部署及钉钉告警集成Grafana

news 2025/8/4 7:57:01

1、准备工作

安装包

📎alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

📎node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

📎prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-1.4.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

服务端口

Prometheus

9090

node_exporter

9100

alertmanager

9093

prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

8060

#修改配置文件之前先备份

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

2、安装go环境

/usr/local

curl -O https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz  或者   wget -c https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -zxvf go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
vim /etc/profile   #修改配置文件export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin   #文件末添加
source /etc/profile  #保存配置文件
go version  #验证go环境是否安装成功

3、部署prometheus

（1）下载安装Prometheus

/usr/local

curl -O https://blockchain-sre.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/prometheus-2.31.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz  或者  wget -c https://blockchain-sre.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/prometheus-2.31.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -zxvf prometheus-2.31.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local
mv prometheus-2.31.1.linux-amd64 prometheus   #为方便进入目录，修改目录名为prometheus
cd
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
mkdir -p /data/prometheus
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/prometheus /data/prometheus    # 修改权限 新增配置文件之后最好也执行一下这步
cd /usr/local/prometheus
mkdir bin
mv promtool bin
vim /etc/profileexport PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbinexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/binexport PATH=/usr/local/prometheus/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

（2）修改配置文件

/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

cd /usr/local/prometheus
cp prometheus.yml prometheus.yml.bak   #修改配置文件前先进行备份vim prometheus.yml
修改添加
# my global config
global:scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:alertmanagers:- static_configs:- targets:- localhost:9093# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:- "first_rules.yml"# - "second_rules.yml"# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.- job_name: "prometheus"# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'# scheme defaults to 'http'.static_configs:- targets: ["localhost:9090"]- job_name: "node_exporter"static_configs:- targets: ["172.19.88.86:9100"]- job_name: "node2_exporter"static_configs:- targets: ["localhost:9100"]- job_name: "alertmanager"static_configs:- targets: ["localhost:9093"]#  - job_name: 'consul'
#    consul_sd_configs:
#      - server:   'localhost:8500'
#        services: ['test']#  - job_name: 'blackbox'
#    metrics_path: /probe
#    params:
#      module: [http_2xx]  # Look for a HTTP 200 response.
#    file_sd_configs:
#      - refresh_interval: 1m
#        files:
#          - "/usr/local/prometheus/conf/blackbox*.yml"
#    relabel_configs:
#      - source_labels: [__address__]
#        target_label: __param_target
#      - source_labels: [__param_target]
#        target_label: instance
#      - target_label: __address__
#        replacement: localhost:9115   # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.#检查配置文件
promtool check config /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

（3）配置服务启动脚本

/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service

cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
Environment="GOMAXPROCS=4"
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus \--config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml \--storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus \--storage.tsdb.retention=30d \--web.console.libraries=/usr/local/prometheus/console_libraries \--web.console.templates=/usr/local/prometheus/consoles \--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090 \--web.read-timeout=5m \--web.max-connections=10 \--query.max-concurrency=20 \--query.timeout=2m \--web.enable-lifecycle
PrivateTmp=true
PrivateDevices=true
ProtectHome=true
NoNewPrivileges=true
LimitNOFILE=infinity
ReadWriteDirectories=/data/prometheus
ProtectSystem=fullSyslogIdentifier=prometheus
Restart=always[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable prometheus
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl status prometheusnetstat -ntlp | grep 9090#网页访问：localhost:9090  进入prometheus监控界面

4、部署node_exporter

（1）下载安装node_exporter

/usr/local

curl -O https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz 或者 wget -c https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gzexit
scp C:\Users\wangdachu\Desktop\node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz root@139.224.42.43:/root
Aldaba123!@#
ssh root@139.224.42.43tar -C /usr/local -zxvf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local
mv node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter
chown -R root:root /usr/local/node_exporter

（2）配置服务启动脚本

/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service

cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter \--collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9100 \--web.telemetry-path=/metrics \--log.level=info \--log.format=logfmt
Restart=always[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable node_exporter
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl status node_exporternetstat -ntlp | grep 9100#网页访问：localhost:9100

（3）被监控主机安装node_exporter及配置服务启动脚本

/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service

tar -C /usr/local -zxvf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local
mv node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/node_exportercat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_export
Documentation=https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector   #指定数据采集的路径
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable node_exporter
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl status node_exporternetstat -ntlp | grep 9100#网页访问：被监控主机IP:9100#localhost:9090进入监控界面 -> Graph -> 键入up -> Execute  查看监控状态

5、配置定时任务（采集目录）

cd /var/lib
mkdir -p node_exproter/textfile_collector
vim /etc/cron.d/directory_size
*/5 * * * * root du -sb /var/log /var/cache/apt /var/lib/prometheus | sed -ne 's/^\([0-9]\+\)\t\(.*\)$/node_directory_size_bytes{directory="\2"} \1/p' > /var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector/directory_size.prom.$$ && mv /var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector/directory_size.prom.$$ /var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector/directory_size.promcrontab -u root /etc/cron.d/directory_size
crontab -l修改node_exporter自启动脚本
cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=node_export
Documentation=https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector   #指定路径
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target表达式：node_directory_size_bytes{directory="/var/lib/prometheus"}
查看监控图形

6、部署alertmanager

（1）下载安装alertmanager

/usr/local

curl -O https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.23.0/alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 或者 wget -c https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.23.0/alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -zxvf alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64 alertmanager
mkdir /usr/local/alertmanager/data
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/alertmanager

（2）修改配置文件

/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

cp alertmanager.yml alertmanager.yml.bak   #备份配置文件# 全局配置项
global:resolve_timeout: 5m # 处理超时时间，默认为5min# 定义路由树信息
route:group_by: [alertname]  # 报警分组依据receiver: ops_notify   # 设置默认接收人group_wait: 30s        # 最初即第一次等待多久时间发送一组警报的通知group_interval: 60s    # 在发送新警报前的等待时间repeat_interval: 1h    # 重复发送告警时间。默认1hroutes:- receiver: ops_notify  # 基础告警通知group_wait: 10smatch_re:alertname: 实例存活告警|磁盘使用率告警   # 匹配告警规则中的名称发送- receiver: info_notify  # 消息告警通知group_wait: 10smatch_re:alertname: 内存使用率告警|CPU使用率告警# 定义基础告警接收者
receivers:
- name: ops_notifywebhook_configs:- url: http://localhost:8060/dingtalk/webhook2/send        #prometheus-webhook-dingtalk的url地址send_resolved: true  # 警报被解决之后是否通知# 定义消息告警接收者
- name: info_notifywebhook_configs:- url: http://localhost:8060/dingtalk/webhook2/send          #prometheus-webhook-dingtalk的url地址send_resolved: true# 一个inhibition规则是在与另一组匹配器匹配的警报存在的条件下，使匹配一组匹配器的警报失效的规则。两个警报必须具有一组相同的标签。
inhibit_rules:- source_match:severity: 'critical'target_match:severity: 'warning'equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

（3）配置服务启动脚本

/usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service

cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus: the alerting system
Documentation=http://prometheus.io/docs/
After=prometheus.service[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable alertmanager && systemctl start alertmanager
systemctl status alertmanagernetstat -natp | grep alertmanager#网页：localhost:9093

7、部署prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

（1）下载安装prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

/usr/local

curl -O https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases/download/v2.0.0/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 或者 wget -c https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases/download/v2.0.0/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -zxvf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64 prometheus-webhook-dingtalk1\#修改配置文件     /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml
cp config.yml config.yml.baktargets:webhook2:url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=cec57e121cf51ffdcf108ac9218bb01591826ab16b535928b6a860c87eebc9e6        #修改url为钉钉机器人的token ，机器人的webhook地址# secret for signaturesecret: SEC000000000000000000000剩余注释#到message

（2）配置服务启动脚本

/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk.service

cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description='start prometheus-webhook-dingtalk service'
Documentation='https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk'
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
PIDFile=/var/run/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk \--web.listen-address=:8060 \--web.enable-lifecycle \--web.enable-ui \--config.file=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml
Restart=on-failure[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOFsystemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable prometheus-webhook-dingtalk && systemctl start prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
systemctl status prometheus-webhook-dingtalknetstat -natp | grep 8060

8、命令行测试机器人发送消息，验证是否可以发送成功

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":"prometheus alert test"}}' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=cec57e121cf51ffdcf108ac9218bb01591826ab16b535928b6a860c87eebc9e6
#修改url为钉钉机器人的token ，机器人的webhook地址
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":"prometheus alert test"}}' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=72405a3c5684584a2a13447cc58977fb34ae9c10e060696ef228c6daed1b6f61查看prometheus-webhook-dingtalk的url地址，altermanager会将通知像这个地址发送
journalctl -u prometheus-webhook-dingtalk -f可以看到url    urls=http://localhost:8060/dingtalk/webhook1/send

9、配置告警规则

/usr/local/prometheus/first_rules.yml

cat >> /usr/local/prometheus/first_rules.yml << EOF
groups:
# 实例存活报警
- name: 实例存活告警规则rules:- alert: 实例存活告警expr: up == 0for: 1mlabels:user: prometheusseverity: warningannotations:description: "{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minutes."# mem报警
- name: 内存报警规则rules:- alert: 内存使用率告警expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes+node_memory_Buffers_bytes+node_memory_Cached_bytes )) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 80for: 1mlabels:user: prometheusseverity: warningannotations:description: "服务器: 内存使用超过80%！(当前值: {{ $value }}%)"# disk报警
- name: 磁盘报警规则rules:- alert: 磁盘使用率告警expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes - node_filesystem_avail_bytes) / node_filesystem_size_bytes * 100 > 30for: 1mlabels:user: prometheusseverity: warningannotations:description: "服务器: 磁盘设备: 使用超过30%！(挂载点: {{ $labels.mountpoint }} 当前值: {{ $value }}%)"# cpu报警
- name: CPU报警规则rules:- alert: CPU使用率告警expr: 100 - (avg by (instance)(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[1m]) )) * 100 > 30for: 1mlabels:user: prometheusseverity: warningannotations:description: "服务器: CPU使用超过30%！(当前值: {{ $value }}%)"#目录大小告警（复制前面规则不会出错）
- name: 目录报警规则rules:- alert:目录大小告警expr: node_directory_size_bytes > 10for: 1mlabels:user: prometheusseverity: warningannotations:description: "服务器: 目录大小超过0！(当前值: {{ $value }})"
EOF#检查规则配置文件语法是否正确
promtool check rules /usr/local/prometheus/first_rules.yml

10、告警规则模板

/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/contrib/templates/legacy/template.tmpl

11、部署grafana

（1）下载安装grafana

cd prometheus-1/
curl -O https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.1.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz 或者 wget -c https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.1.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -zxvf grafana-7.1.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv grafana-7.1.3 grafana
mkdir /usr/local/grafana/{data,log}
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/grafana

（2）修改配置文件、

/usr/local/grafana/conf/

cd /usr/local/grafana/conf/
cp defaults.ini grafana.inivim grafana.ini# logs = data/loglogs = log

（3）配置服务启动脚本

/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service

cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Grafana instance
Documentation=http://docs.grafana.org
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
After=postgresql.service mariadb.service mysqld.service[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/grafana
ExecStart=/usr/local/grafana/bin/grafana-server \--config=/usr/local/grafana/conf/grafana.ini \--pidfile=/usr/local/grafana/grafana-server.pidRestart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=10000
TimeoutStopSec=20[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF	systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable grafana-server && systemctl start grafana-server
systemctl status grafana-server
netstat -ntlp | grep 3000网页访问：139.224.12.165:3000
默认账号/密码：admin/adminURL：http://139.224.12.165:9090

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