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[Kubernetes] - RabbitMQ学习

news 2025/6/23 4:44:55

1.消息队列

消息：在应用间传送的数据
队列，先进先出

1.2. 作用

好处：解耦，容错，削峰
坏处：降低系统可用性，系统复杂度提高，一致性问题；

RabbitMQ组成部分：生产者，消费者，队列，交换机；

2. 安装部署rabbitmq

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:name: rabbitmq-secretnamespace: rabbitmq
data:username: YWRtaW4Kpassword: MTIzNDU2Cg==
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:name: rabbitmqnamespace: rabbitmqlabels:app: rabbitmq
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: rabbitmqserviceName: rabbitmq-headlesstemplate:metadata:labels:app: rabbitmqspec:containers:- name: rabbitmqimage: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/yuanli123/rabbitmq:3.9.22-managementports:- name: tcp-5672containerPort: 5672protocol: TCP- name: tcp-15672containerPort: 15672protocol: TCP
#              不知道为什么自己使用的username会多出一个回车字符导致rabbitmq无法识别到
#          env:
#            - name: RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER
#              valueFrom:
#                secretKeyRef:
#                  name: rabbitmq-secret
#                  key: username
#            - name: RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS
#              valueFrom:
#                secretKeyRef:
#                  name: rabbitmq-secret
#                  key: passwordresources:limits:cpu: '1'memory: '2Gi'requests:cpu: '200m'memory: '500Mi'imagePullSecrets:- name: regcred---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: rabbitmq-headlessnamespace: rabbitmqlabels:app: rabbitmq
spec:ports:- name: tcp-rabbitmq-5672port: 5672targetPort: 5672nodePort: 32672selector:app: rabbitmqtype: NodePort
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: rabbitmq-externalnamespace: rabbitmqlabels:app: rabbitmq-external
spec:ports:- name: http-rabbitmq-externalprotocol: TCPport: 15672targetPort: 15672selector:app: rabbitmqtype: ClusterIP---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: rabbitmq-ingressnamespace: rabbitmqannotations:nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:ingressClassName: nginxrules:- host: rabbitmq.liyuan.comhttp:paths:- backend:service:name: rabbitmq-externalport:number: 15672pathType: Prefixpath: /

根据上述yaml，再结合修改 /etc/hosts 文件
在这里插入图片描述
通过 http://rabbitmq.liyuan.com:30001/#/exchanges 访问

并暴露了 192,168.31.175:32672 用于发消息

2.1.名词解释

Broker: 接收和分发消息的应用
Virtual Host: 虚拟主机，一个Broker可以有多个Virtual Host，每个Virtual Host都有自己一套的Exchange和Queue
Connection: 生产者/消费者和Broker之间的TCP链接
Channel: 发送消息的通道，channel是在connection内部建立逻辑链接，AMQP method包含了channel id帮助客户端和message Broker识别Broker，减少建立TCP Connection的开销；
Exchange：message到达broker的第一站，根据分发规则，查询表中的routing key，分发消息到queue中去，常用类型有：direct, topic, fanout(multicast)
Queue: 存放消息的队列
Binding：Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟链接，binding中可以包含routing key，Binding信息被保存到exchange中的查询表中，用于message的分发依据；

3.使用测试

rabbitmq-test 源码参考

3.1.pom.xml

# pom.yaml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>rqbbitmq-test</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.16.0</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

3.2.生产者Producer

// Producer.java
package com.liyuan.rabbitmq;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Producer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.31.175");connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");connectionFactory.setPort(32672);try (Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection()) {Channel channel = connection.createChannel();String exchangeName = "xc_exchange_name";AMQP.Exchange.DeclareOk exchangeDeclare = channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true, false, null);String queueName = "xc_queue_name";AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk queueDeclare = channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, queueName);String message = "Hello, my name is liyuan.";channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, queueName, null, message.getBytes());channel.close();}}
}

3.3.消费者Consumer

package com.liyuan.rabbitmq;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.31.175");connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");connectionFactory.setPort(32672);try (Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection()) {Channel channel = connection.createChannel();String exchangeName = "xc_exchange_name";String queueName = "xc_queue_name";DeliverCallback deliverCallback = new DeliverCallback() {@Overridepublic void handle(String consumerTag, Delivery message) throws IOException {System.out.println("Delivered consuming: " + consumerTag + " " + new String(message.getBody()));}};CancelCallback cancelCallback = new CancelCallback() {@Overridepublic void handle(String consumerTag) throws IOException {System.out.println("Canceled: " + consumerTag);}};channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);channel.close();}}
}

4.rabbitmq交换机类型

4.1. BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT

路由键与队列完全匹配交换机，通过routingKey路由键将交换机和队列进行绑定，消息被发送到exchange时，根据消息的routingKey来进行匹配，只将消息发送到完全匹配此routingKey的队列；
且同一个key可以绑定多个queue，因此会同时将消息发给多个queue；

queueName	routingKey
queue01	“direct_key01”
queue02	“direct_key02”

根据上述表格的规则来发送消息，当发送消息时的routingKey为以下值时，以下队列会收到消息；

routingKey	queueName
“direct_key01”	queue01 will receive
“direct_key02”	queue02 will receive

4.2. BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT

将消息分发给所有绑定了此交换机的队列；

queueName	routingKey
queue01	“fanout_key01”
queue02	“fanout_key01”
queue03	“fanout_key01”

根据上述表格的规则来发送消息，当发送消息时的routingKey为以下值时，以下队列会收到消息；

routingKey	queueName
“fanout_key01”	queue01, queue02, queue03 will receive

4.3. BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC

类似于direct方式，但是topic可以模糊匹配routingKey；通过此种方式，我们可以使得一个队列模糊绑定多个routingKey；

queueName	routingKey
queue01	key1.key2.key3.*
queue02	key1.#
queue03	.key2..key4
queue04	#.key3.key4

#：代表0个或多个部分
*：代表一个部分
. : 用于分隔不同的routingKey；

根据上述表格的规则来发送消息，当发送消息时的routingKey为以下值时，以下队列会收到消息；

routingKey	queueName
“key1”	queue02 will receive
“key3”	no queue will receive
“key1.key2.key3”	queue02 will receive
“key1.key2.key3.key4”	queue01, queue02, queue03, queue04 will receive

4.3.BuiltinExchangeType.HEADERS

headers 匹配AMQP消息的header而不是路由键，此外headers交换器和direct交换器完全一致，但性能差了很多；
消费方要求指定的headers中必须包含一个"x-match"的键；

x-match = all，表示所有的键值对都匹配才能接收到消息；
x-match = any，表示只要有键值对匹配就能接收到消息；

生产者按照 x-match 配置的规则发送消息到指定的queue上；

queueName	x-match
queue01	{name:“liyuan01”, sex:“male”, x-match: all}
queue02	{name:“liyuan02”, sex:“male”, x-match: any}

通过上述规则，按照指定的消息头发送消息时；

x-match	queueName
{name: “liyuan01”}	no queue will receive
{name: “liyuan02”}	queue02 will receive
{name: “liyuan01”, sex:“male”}	queue02, queue01 will receive

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