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RocketMQ源码分析之CommitLog消息存储机制

news 2025/6/30 5:13:58

1、消息存储分析

1.1 DefaultMessageStore 概要

其核心属性如下：

  • messageStoreConfig
    存储相关的配置，例如存储路径、commitLog文件大小，刷盘频次等等。
  • CommitLog commitLog
    comitLog 的核心处理类，消息存储在 commitlog 文件中。
  • ConcurrentMap<String/* topic */, ConcurrentMap<Integer/* queueId */, ConsumeQueue>> consumeQueueTable
    topic 的队列信息。
  • FlushConsumeQueueService flushConsumeQueueService
    ConsumeQueue 刷盘服务线程。
  • CleanCommitLogService cleanCommitLogService
    commitLog 过期文件删除线程。
  • CleanConsumeQueueService cleanConsumeQueueService
    consumeQueue 过期文件删除线程。、
  • IndexService indexService
    索引服务。
  • AllocateMappedFileService allocateMappedFileService
    MappedFile 分配线程，RocketMQ 使用内存映射处理 commitlog、consumeQueue文件。
  • ReputMessageService reputMessageService
    reput 转发线程（负责 Commitlog 转发到 Consumequeue、Index文件）。
  • HAService haService
    主从同步实现服务。
  • ScheduleMessageService scheduleMessageService
    定时任务调度器，执行定时任务。
  • StoreStatsService storeStatsService
    存储统计服务。
  • TransientStorePool transientStorePool
    ByteBuffer 池，后文会详细使用。
  • RunningFlags runningFlags
    存储服务状态。
  • BrokerStatsManager brokerStatsManager
    Broker 统计服务。
  • MessageArrivingListener messageArrivingListener
    消息达到监听器。
  • StoreCheckpoint storeCheckpoint
    刷盘检测点。
  • LinkedList dispatcherList
    转发 comitlog 日志，主要是从 commitlog 转发到 consumeQueue、index 文件。

上面这些属性，是整个消息存储的核心，也是我们需要重点关注与理解的（将会在本系列一一介绍到）。

接下来，先从 putMessage 为入口，一起探究整个消息存储全过程。

1.2 消息存储流程

1.2.1 DefaultMessageStore.putMessage

public PutMessageResult putMessage(MessageExtBrokerInner msg) {if (this.shutdown) {log.warn("message store has shutdown, so putMessage is forbidden");return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, null);}if (BrokerRole.SLAVE == this.messageStoreConfig.getBrokerRole()) {long value = this.printTimes.getAndIncrement();if ((value % 50000) == 0) {log.warn("message store is slave mode, so putMessage is forbidden ");}return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, null);}if (!this.runningFlags.isWriteable()) {long value = this.printTimes.getAndIncrement();if ((value % 50000) == 0) {log.warn("message store is not writeable, so putMessage is forbidden " + this.runningFlags.getFlagBits());}return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, null);} else {this.printTimes.set(0);}if (msg.getTopic().length() > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {log.warn("putMessage message topic length too long " + msg.getTopic().length());return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.MESSAGE_ILLEGAL, null);}if (msg.getPropertiesString() != null && msg.getPropertiesString().length() > Short.MAX_VALUE) {log.warn("putMessage message properties length too long " + msg.getPropertiesString().length());return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED, null);}if (this.isOSPageCacheBusy()) {    //@1return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.OS_PAGECACHE_BUSY, null);}long beginTime = this.getSystemClock().now();PutMessageResult result = this.commitLog.putMessage(msg);    // @2long eclipseTime = this.getSystemClock().now() - beginTime;if (eclipseTime > 500) {log.warn("putMessage not in lock eclipse time(ms)={}, bodyLength={}", eclipseTime, msg.getBody().length);}this.storeStatsService.setPutMessageEntireTimeMax(eclipseTime);   //@3if (null == result || !result.isOk()) {                                                      //@4 this.storeStatsService.getPutMessageFailedTimes().incrementAndGet();}return result;

代码@1：检测操作系统页写入是否繁忙。

@Overridepublic boolean isOSPageCacheBusy() {long begin = this.getCommitLog().getBeginTimeInLock();long diff = this.systemClock.now() - begin;if (diff < 10000000 //&& diff > this.messageStoreConfig.getOsPageCacheBusyTimeOutMills()) {return true;}return false;

代码@2：将日志写入CommitLog 文件，具体实现类 CommitLog。

代码@3：记录相关统计信息。

代码@4：记录写commitlog 失败次数。

1.2.2 CommitLog.putMessage

public PutMessageResult putMessage(final MessageExtBrokerInner msg) {// Set the storage timemsg.setStoreTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());// Set the message body BODY CRC (consider the most appropriate setting// on the client)msg.setBodyCRC(UtilAll.crc32(msg.getBody()));// Back to ResultsAppendMessageResult result = null;StoreStatsService storeStatsService = this.defaultMessageStore.getStoreStatsService();String topic = msg.getTopic();int queueId = msg.getQueueId();final int tranType = MessageSysFlag.getTransactionValue(msg.getSysFlag());    // @1if (tranType == MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_NOT_TYPE//|| tranType == MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_COMMIT_TYPE) {    // @2// Delay Deliveryif (msg.getDelayTimeLevel() > 0) {if (msg.getDelayTimeLevel() > this.defaultMessageStore.getScheduleMessageService().getMaxDelayLevel()) {msg.setDelayTimeLevel(this.defaultMessageStore.getScheduleMessageService().getMaxDelayLevel());}topic = ScheduleMessageService.SCHEDULE_TOPIC;queueId = ScheduleMessageService.delayLevel2QueueId(msg.getDelayTimeLevel());// Backup real topic, queueIdMessageAccessor.putProperty(msg, MessageConst.PROPERTY_REAL_TOPIC, msg.getTopic());MessageAccessor.putProperty(msg, MessageConst.PROPERTY_REAL_QUEUE_ID, String.valueOf(msg.getQueueId()));msg.setPropertiesString(MessageDecoder.messageProperties2String(msg.getProperties()));msg.setTopic(topic);msg.setQueueId(queueId);}}long eclipseTimeInLock = 0;MappedFile unlockMappedFile = null;MappedFile mappedFile = this.mappedFileQueue.getLastMappedFile();    // @3putMessageLock.lock(); //spin or ReentrantLock ,depending on store config    //@4try {long beginLockTimestamp = this.defaultMessageStore.getSystemClock().now();this.beginTimeInLock = beginLockTimestamp;// Here settings are stored timestamp, in order to ensure an orderly// globalmsg.setStoreTimestamp(beginLockTimestamp);if (null == mappedFile || mappedFile.isFull()) {mappedFile = this.mappedFileQueue.getLastMappedFile(0); // Mark: NewFile may be cause noise}if (null == mappedFile) {log.error("create maped file1 error, topic: " + msg.getTopic() + " clientAddr: " + msg.getBornHostString());beginTimeInLock = 0;return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.CREATE_MAPEDFILE_FAILED, null);}         // @5result = mappedFile.appendMessage(msg, this.appendMessageCallback);   // @6switch (result.getStatus()) {case PUT_OK:break;case END_OF_FILE:unlockMappedFile = mappedFile;// Create a new file, re-write the messagemappedFile = this.mappedFileQueue.getLastMappedFile(0);if (null == mappedFile) {// XXX: warn and notify melog.error("create maped file2 error, topic: " + msg.getTopic() + " clientAddr: " + msg.getBornHostString());beginTimeInLock = 0;return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.CREATE_MAPEDFILE_FAILED, result);}result = mappedFile.appendMessage(msg, this.appendMessageCallback);break;case MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED:case PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED:beginTimeInLock = 0;return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.MESSAGE_ILLEGAL, result);case UNKNOWN_ERROR:beginTimeInLock = 0;return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, result);default:beginTimeInLock = 0;return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, result);}eclipseTimeInLock = this.defaultMessageStore.getSystemClock().now() - beginLockTimestamp;beginTimeInLock = 0;} finally {putMessageLock.unlock();}if (eclipseTimeInLock > 500) {log.warn("[NOTIFYME]putMessage in lock cost time(ms)={}, bodyLength={} AppendMessageResult={}", eclipseTimeInLock, msg.getBody().length, result);}if (null != unlockMappedFile && this.defaultMessageStore.getMessageStoreConfig().isWarmMapedFileEnable()) {this.defaultMessageStore.unlockMappedFile(unlockMappedFile);}PutMessageResult putMessageResult = new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.PUT_OK, result);// StatisticsstoreStatsService.getSinglePutMessageTopicTimesTotal(msg.getTopic()).incrementAndGet();storeStatsService.getSinglePutMessageTopicSizeTotal(topic).addAndGet(result.getWroteBytes());handleDiskFlush(result, putMessageResult, msg);   // @7handleHA(result, putMessageResult, msg);            //@8return putMessageResult;

先对 ComitLog 写入消息做一个简单描述，然后需要详细探究每个步骤的实现。

代码@1：获取消息类型（事务消息，非事务消息，Commit消息。

代码@3：获取一个 MappedFile 对象，内存映射的具体实现。

代码@4，追加消息需要加锁，串行化处理。

代码@5：验证代码@3的 MappedFile 对象，获取一个可用的 MappedFile (如果没有，则创建一个)。

代码@6：通过MappedFile对象写入文件。

代码@7：根据刷盘策略刷盘。

代码@8：主从同步。

1.3 存储核心类分析

1.3.1 源码分析MappedFile

1、3.1.1 MappedFile 基础属性

public static final int OS_PAGE_SIZE = 1024 * 4;   // 4K               
private static final AtomicLong TOTAL_MAPPED_VIRTUAL_MEMORY = new AtomicLong(0);
private static final AtomicInteger TOTAL_MAPPED_FILES = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected final AtomicInteger wrotePosition = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected final AtomicInteger committedPosition = new AtomicInteger(0);
private final AtomicInteger flushedPosition = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected int fileSize;
protected FileChannel fileChannel;/*** Message will put to here first, and then reput to FileChannel if writeBuffer is not null.*/
protected ByteBuffer writeBuffer = null;
protected TransientStorePool transientStorePool = null;
private String fileName;
private long fileFromOffset;
private File file;
private MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer;
private volatile long storeTimestamp = 0;
  • OS_PAGE_SIZE

    OSpage大小，4K。

  • TOTAL_MAPPED_VIRTUAL_MEMORY
    类变量，所有 MappedFile 实例已使用字节总数。
  • TOTAL_MAPPED_FILES
    MappedFile 个数。
  • wrotePosition
    当前MappedFile对象当前写指针。
  • committedPosition
    当前提交的指针。
  • flushedPosition
    当前刷写到磁盘的指针。
  • fileSize
    文件总大小。
  • fileChannel
    文件通道。
  • writeBuffer
    如果开启了transientStorePoolEnable，消息会写入堆外内存，然后提交到 PageCache 并最终刷写到磁盘。
  • TransientStorePool transientStorePool
    ByteBuffer的缓冲池，堆外内存，transientStorePoolEnable 为 true 时生效。
  • fileName
    文件名称。
  • fileFromOffset
    文件序号,代表该文件代表的文件偏移量。
  • File file
    文件对象。
  • MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer
    对应操作系统的 PageCache。
  • storeTimestamp
    最后一次存储时间戳。

1、3.1.2 初始化

private void init(final String fileName, final int fileSize) throws IOException {this.fileName = fileName;this.fileSize = fileSize;this.file = new File(fileName);this.fileFromOffset = Long.parseLong(this.file.getName());boolean ok = false;ensureDirOK(this.file.getParent());try {this.fileChannel = new RandomAccessFile(this.file, "rw").getChannel();this.mappedByteBuffer = this.fileChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fileSize);TOTAL_MAPPED_VIRTUAL_MEMORY.addAndGet(fileSize);TOTAL_MAPPED_FILES.incrementAndGet();ok = true;} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {log.error("create file channel " + this.fileName + " Failed. ", e);throw e;} catch (IOException e) {log.error("map file " + this.fileName + " Failed. ", e);throw e;} finally {if (!ok && this.fileChannel != null) {this.fileChannel.close();}}

初始化 FileChannel、mappedByteBuffer 等。

1、3.1.3 appendMessagesInner 消息写入

public AppendMessageResult appendMessagesInner(final MessageExt messageExt, final AppendMessageCallback cb) {assert messageExt != null;assert cb != null;int currentPos = this.wrotePosition.get();    // @1if (currentPos < this.fileSize) {ByteBuffer byteBuffer = writeBuffer != null ? writeBuffer.slice() : this.mappedByteBuffer.slice();   byteBuffer.position(currentPos);AppendMessageResult result = null;if (messageExt instanceof MessageExtBrokerInner) {   // @2result = cb.doAppend(this.getFileFromOffset(), byteBuffer, this.fileSize - currentPos, (MessageExtBrokerInner) messageExt);} else if (messageExt instanceof MessageExtBatch) {result = cb.doAppend(this.getFileFromOffset(), byteBuffer, this.fileSize - currentPos, (MessageExtBatch)messageExt);} else {return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR);}this.wrotePosition.addAndGet(result.getWroteBytes());     // @4this.storeTimestamp = result.getStoreTimestamp();return result;}log.error("MappedFile.appendMessage return null, wrotePosition: {} fileSize: {}", currentPos,  this.fileSize);return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR);

代码@1：获取当前写入位置。

代码@2：根据消息类型，是批量消息还是单个消息，进入相应的处理。

代码@3：消息写入实现。

接下看具体的消息写入逻辑，代码来源于 CommitLog$DefaultAppendMessageCallback。

public AppendMessageResult doAppend(final long fileFromOffset, final ByteBuffer byteBuffer, final int maxBlank,final MessageExtBrokerInner msgInner) {   //@1// STORETIMESTAMP + STOREHOSTADDRESS + OFFSET <br>// PHY OFFSETlong wroteOffset = fileFromOffset + byteBuffer.position();this.resetByteBuffer(hostHolder, 8);String msgId = MessageDecoder.createMessageId(this.msgIdMemory, msgInner.getStoreHostBytes(hostHolder), wroteOffset);  //@2// Record ConsumeQueue information      //@3startkeyBuilder.setLength(0);keyBuilder.append(msgInner.getTopic());keyBuilder.append('-');keyBuilder.append(msgInner.getQueueId());String key = keyBuilder.toString();Long queueOffset = CommitLog.this.topicQueueTable.get(key);if (null == queueOffset) {queueOffset = 0L;CommitLog.this.topicQueueTable.put(key, queueOffset);}   //@3 end// Transaction messages that require special handling       //@4 startfinal int tranType = MessageSysFlag.getTransactionValue(msgInner.getSysFlag());switch (tranType) {// Prepared and Rollback message is not consumed, will not enter the// consumer queueccase MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_PREPARED_TYPE:case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK_TYPE:queueOffset = 0L;break;case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_NOT_TYPE:case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_COMMIT_TYPE:default:break;}   // @4 end/*** Serialize message*/final byte[] propertiesData =msgInner.getPropertiesString() == null ? null : msgInner.getPropertiesString().getBytes(MessageDecoder.CHARSET_UTF8);final int propertiesLength = propertiesData == null ? 0 : propertiesData.length;if (propertiesLength > Short.MAX_VALUE) {log.warn("putMessage message properties length too long. length={}", propertiesData.length);return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED);}  //@5final byte[] topicData = msgInner.getTopic().getBytes(MessageDecoder.CHARSET_UTF8);final int topicLength = topicData.length;final int bodyLength = msgInner.getBody() == null ? 0 : msgInner.getBody().length;final int msgLen = calMsgLength(bodyLength, topicLength, propertiesLength);    //@6// Exceeds the maximum messageif (msgLen > this.maxMessageSize) {   // @7CommitLog.log.warn("message size exceeded, msg total size: " + msgLen + ", msg body size: " + bodyLength+ ", maxMessageSize: " + this.maxMessageSize);return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED);}// Determines whether there is sufficient free spaceif ((msgLen + END_FILE_MIN_BLANK_LENGTH) > maxBlank) {  // @8this.resetByteBuffer(this.msgStoreItemMemory, maxBlank);// 1 TOTALSIZEthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(maxBlank);// 2 MAGICCODEthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(CommitLog.BLANK_MAGIC_CODE);// 3 The remaining space may be any value//// Here the length of the specially set maxBlankfinal long beginTimeMills = CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now();byteBuffer.put(this.msgStoreItemMemory.array(), 0, maxBlank);return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.END_OF_FILE, wroteOffset, maxBlank, msgId, msgInner.getStoreTimestamp(),queueOffset, CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now() - beginTimeMills);}// Initialization of storage space   @9this.resetByteBuffer(msgStoreItemMemory, msgLen);// 1 TOTALSIZEthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgLen);// 2 MAGICCODEthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(CommitLog.MESSAGE_MAGIC_CODE);// 3 BODYCRCthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getBodyCRC());// 4 QUEUEIDthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getQueueId());// 5 FLAGthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getFlag());// 6 QUEUEOFFSETthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(queueOffset);// 7 PHYSICALOFFSETthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(fileFromOffset + byteBuffer.position());// 8 SYSFLAGthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getSysFlag());// 9 BORNTIMESTAMPthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(msgInner.getBornTimestamp());// 10 BORNHOSTthis.resetByteBuffer(hostHolder, 8);this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(msgInner.getBornHostBytes(hostHolder));// 11 STORETIMESTAMPthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(msgInner.getStoreTimestamp());// 12 STOREHOSTADDRESSthis.resetByteBuffer(hostHolder, 8);this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(msgInner.getStoreHostBytes(hostHolder));//this.msgBatchMemory.put(msgInner.getStoreHostBytes());// 13 RECONSUMETIMESthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getReconsumeTimes());// 14 Prepared Transaction Offsetthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(msgInner.getPreparedTransactionOffset());// 15 BODYthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(bodyLength);if (bodyLength > 0)this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(msgInner.getBody());// 16 TOPICthis.msgStoreItemMemory.put((byte) topicLength);this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(topicData);// 17 PROPERTIESthis.msgStoreItemMemory.putShort((short) propertiesLength);if (propertiesLength > 0)this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(propertiesData);final long beginTimeMills = CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now();// Write messages to the queue bufferbyteBuffer.put(this.msgStoreItemMemory.array(), 0, msgLen);AppendMessageResult result = new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.PUT_OK, wroteOffset, msgLen, msgId,msgInner.getStoreTimestamp(), queueOffset, CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now() - beginTimeMills);     //@10switch (tranType) {case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_PREPARED_TYPE:case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK_TYPE:break;case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_NOT_TYPE:case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_COMMIT_TYPE:// The next update ConsumeQueue informationCommitLog.this.topicQueueTable.put(key, ++queueOffset);break;default:break;}return result;
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