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Spring的Bean的生命周期与自动注入细节

news 2025/7/8 12:20:45

1. Bean的生命周期

通过一个LifeCycleBean和一个MyBeanPostProcessor来观察Bean的生命周期:

构造(实例化)->依赖注入(前后处理)->初始化(前后处理)->销毁

LifeCycleBean

@Component
public class LifeCycleBean {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LifeCycleBean.class);//1.最先执行public LifeCycleBean(){log.info("构造");}//2.依赖注入@Autowired
//    public void autowire(@Value("${JAVA_HOME}")String home){ 这种方式好像要较新版本Spring才行
//        log.debug("依赖注入:{}", home);
//    }public void autowire(Bean1 bean1){log.info("依赖注入:{}", bean1);}//3.初始化@PostConstructpublic void init(){log.info("初始化");}//4.销毁方法(仅在单例的时候调用, 其他scope调用时机不一样)@PreDestroypublic void destroy(){log.info("销毁");}}

MyBeanPostProcessor, 实现了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

@Component
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyBeanPostProcessor.class);// 实例化之前@Overridepublic Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {if (beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")) {log.info("初始化之前执行, 这里返回的bean会替换原版本的bean");}return null;}// 实例化之后@Overridepublic boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {if (beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")) {log.info("实例化之后执行, 这里返回false会跳过依赖注入阶段");//return false;}return true;}// 依赖注入阶段执行@Overridepublic PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){log.info("依赖注入阶段执行, 如@Autowired, @Value, @Resource");}return pvs;}// 初始化之前@Overridepublic Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){log.info("初始化之前执行, 这里返回的对象会替换原本的bean, 如@PostConstruct, @ConfigurationProperties");}return bean;}// 初始化之后执行@Overridepublic Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {if (beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")) {log.info("初始化之后执行, 这里返回的对象会替换原本的bean, 如代理增强");}return bean;}// 销毁之前@Overridepublic void postProcessBeforeDestruction(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){log.info("销毁之前执行, 如 @PreDestroy");}}}

运行结果:

[main]: 初始化之前执行, 这里返回的bean会替换原版本的bean --- postProcessBeforeInstantiation
[main]: 构造
[main]: 实例化之后执行, 这里返回false会跳过依赖注入阶段 --- postProcessAfterInstantiation
[main]: 依赖注入阶段执行, 如@Autowired, @Value, @Resource --- postProcessProperties
[main]: 依赖注入:com.yadong.springsourcestudy.chapter2.Bean1@21c64522
[main]: 初始化之前执行, 这里返回的对象会替换原本的bean, 如@PostConstruct, @ConfigurationProperties --- postProcessBeforeInitialization
[main]: 初始化
[main]: 初始化之后执行, 这里返回的对象会替换原本的bean, 如代理增强 --- postProcessAfterInitialization
[main]: 销毁之前执行, 如 @PreDestroy --- postProcessBeforeDestruction
[main]: 销毁

2. @Autowired依赖注入的处理细节

依赖注入依靠AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor通过容器调用processor.postProcessProperties()执行依赖注入,

其过程是postProcessProperties()->InjectionMetadata metadata = this.findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs)

->metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);

这个过程找了需要@Autowired的字段或方法后, 需要一些解析器来解析, 如 ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver, StandardEnvironment()::resolvePlaceholders

以下是一个手动调用解析@Autowired的过程:

public class AutowiredAnnotationBPP {public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver()); //解析@ValuebeanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(new StandardEnvironment()::resolvePlaceholders);   //解析${}beanFactory.registerSingleton("bean2", new Bean2());beanFactory.registerSingleton("bean3", new Bean3());//1. 查找有哪些属性方法加了@Autowire, 这称之为InjectionMetadataAutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor processor = new AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();processor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);Bean1 bean1 = new Bean1();Method findAutowiringMetadata = AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getDeclaredMethod("findAutowiringMetadata", String.class, Class.class, PropertyValues.class);findAutowiringMetadata.setAccessible(true);InjectionMetadata metadata = (InjectionMetadata) findAutowiringMetadata.invoke(processor, "bean1", Bean1.class, null);System.out.println("metadata = " + metadata);//2. metadata中存储了该bean要autowire的字段,方法等信息, 调用inject完成依赖注入metadata.inject(bean1, "bean1", null);System.out.println(bean1);//以下是要查找注入对象的过程Field bean2 = Bean1.class.getDeclaredField("bean2");DependencyDescriptor dd1 = new DependencyDescriptor(bean2, false);Object o = beanFactory.doResolveDependency(dd1, null, null, null);System.out.println(o);Method setBean2 = Bean1.class.getDeclaredMethod("setBean3", Bean3.class);DependencyDescriptor dd2 = new DependencyDescriptor(new MethodParameter(setBean2, 0), false);Object o1 = beanFactory.doResolveDependency(dd2, null, null, null);System.out.println(o1);}
}//Bean1.java
@Component
public class Bean1 {@AutowiredBean2 bean2;Bean3 bean3;@Autowiredpublic void setBean3(Bean3 bean3){this.bean3 = bean3;}
}

3. 常见后置处理器

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 能解析@ComponentScan, @Bean, @Import, @ImportResource
MapperScannerConfigurer 解析@MapperScanner, SSM中用, SpringBoot已经实现了自动装配因此用不上
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 解析@Autowire

…

4. 自实现ComponentScanPostProcessor

public class Chapter4Application {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {// 干净的容器GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();context.registerBean("config", Config.class);// 自己实现的, 解析@ComponentScancontext.registerBean(ComponentScanPostProcessor.class);context.refresh();for (String beanDefinitionName : context.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {System.out.println(beanDefinitionName);}context.close();}
}// 自己实现的ComponentScanPostProcessor
public class ComponentScanPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {// 在 context.refresh()时, 读取bd后, 实例化bean前, 会调用这个方法@Overridepublic void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory) throws BeansException {try{ComponentScan componentScan = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(Config.class, ComponentScan.class);if(componentScan != null){for (String p : componentScan.basePackages()) {System.out.println(p);// com.yadong.springsourcestudy.chapter4 -> classpath*:com/yadong/springsourcestudy/chapter4/**/*.classString path = "classpath:*" + p.replace(".", "/") + "/**/*.class";CachingMetadataReaderFactory factory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory();  //读取资源的元信息System.out.println(path);Resource[] resources = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(path);AnnotationBeanNameGenerator generator = new AnnotationBeanNameGenerator();for (Resource resource : resources) {System.out.println(resource);MetadataReader metadataReader = factory.getMetadataReader(resource);ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();System.out.println("类名:" + classMetadata.getClassName());//hasMetaAnnotation间接继承的注解也会扫描到System.out.println("是否加了 @Component " + metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasMetaAnnotation(Component.class.getName()));if(metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasAnnotation(Component.class.getName())|| metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasMetaAnnotation(Component.class.getName())){AbstractBeanDefinition bd = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(metadataReader.getClassMetadata().getClassName()).getBeanDefinition();DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = null;if (configurableListableBeanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {beanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) configurableListableBeanFactory;}String bdn = generator.generateBeanName(bd, beanFactory);beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition(bdn, bd);}}}}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}
}