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【2023】Prometheus-Blackbox_exporter使用

news 2025/7/18 3:03:28

1.下载及安装blackbox_exporter

下载安装包

wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.23.0/blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

mkdir /data
tar xf blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/
cd /data
ln -s blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64/ blackbox_exporter

为blackbox_exporter创建启动文件

  vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service

[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/data/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter \--config.file=/data/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml \--web.listen-address=:9115
Restart=on-failure[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start blackbox_exporter.service 
systemctl enable blackbox_exporter.service

看到这个页面说明启动成功：通过IP:端口访问

2.修改配置文件设置监控内容

安装完成后会有默认配置文件模板，分别有http探测、tcp探测、grpc探测、ssh探测、irc探测和icmp探测等内容。
使用时可根据具体情况选择合适探测方式

modules:http_2xx:prober: httphttp_post_2xx:prober: httphttp:method: POSTtcp_connect:prober: tcppop3s_banner:prober: tcptcp:query_response:- expect: "^+OK"tls: truetls_config:insecure_skip_verify: falsegrpc:prober: grpcgrpc:tls: truepreferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"grpc_plain:prober: grpcgrpc:tls: falseservice: "service1"ssh_banner:prober: tcptcp:query_response:- expect: "^SSH-2.0-"- send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"irc_banner:prober: tcptcp:query_response:- send: "NICK prober"- send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"- expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"send: "PONG ${1}"- expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"icmp:prober: icmpicmp_ttl5:prober: icmptimeout: 5sicmp:ttl: 5

2.1.使用http方式作为探测

vim blackbox.yml

以下配置含义为：定义了一个名为http的http检测模块，超时时间为10s，探针验证的HTTP响应状态代码的为空数组，默认是200-299 。该探针使用的HTTP方法为GET，insecure_skip_verify: false 表示该探针不允许跳过TLS证书验证

modules:http:prober: httptimeout: 10shttp:valid_status_codes: []method: GETtls_config:insecure_skip_verify: false

systemctl restart blackbox_exporter

3.与prometheus集成

修改prometheus配置文件
```
  vim prometheus.yml
```

  - job_name: "blackbox"metrics_path: /probeparams:# 模块名需要与prober: http一致module: [http]static_configs:# 需要探测的域名- targets:- www.baidu.comrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__address__]target_label: __param_target- source_labels: [__param_target]target_label: instance- target_label: __address__replacement: 192.168.10.3:9115