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Spring Boot集成WebSocket

news 2025/8/11 9:15:59

一、WebSocket集成方案全景图

二、核心方案对比分析

方案	协议支持	Spring集成度	适用场景	性能表现
Javax	标准WS	中等	传统Java EE应用	中等
WebMVC	标准WS	高度集成	Spring MVC项目	良好
WebFlux	标准WS	响应式集成	响应式系统	优秀
Java-WebSocket	标准WS	无依赖	轻量级独立应用	优秀
SocketIO	Socket.IO	需适配	多语言实时通信	良好
Netty	自定义协议	灵活定制	高性能定制需求	极佳

三、Javax WebSocket深度实现

3.1 服务端增强实现

@ServerEndpoint("/ws/chat/{roomId}")
public class ChatEndpoint {private static final Map<String, Set<Session>> rooms = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();@OnOpenpublic void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam("roomId") String roomId) {rooms.computeIfAbsent(roomId, k -> Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>())).add(session);}@OnMessagepublic void onMessage(String message, Session session,@PathParam("roomId") String roomId) {rooms.getOrDefault(roomId, Collections.emptySet()).forEach(s -> s.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message));}
}

3.2 客户端优化方案

@Component
public class WsClientManager {private final WebSocketContainer container;private final Map<String, Session> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();public void connect(String endpoint) throws Exception {Session session = container.connectToServer(new Endpoint() {@Overridepublic void onOpen(Session session, EndpointConfig config) {clients.put(endpoint, session);}},ClientEndpointConfig.Builder.create().build(),URI.create(endpoint));}
}

四、Spring WebMVC高级配置

4.1 拦截器增强

public class AuthHandshakeInterceptor implements HandshakeInterceptor {@Overridepublic boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request,ServerHttpResponse response,WebSocketHandler wsHandler,Map<String, Object> attributes) {String token = request.getHeaders().getFirst("Authorization");return jwtValidator.validate(token);}
}

4.2 消息处理链

public class MessageBrokerHandlerDecorator extends WebSocketHandlerDecorator {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(WebSocketSession session,WebSocketMessage<?> message) throws Exception {if (message instanceof TextMessage) {TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) message;// 消息预处理super.handleMessage(session, processMessage(tm));}}
}

五、WebFlux响应式集成

5.1 响应式端点

@Bean
public HandlerMapping webSocketMapping() {Map<String, WebSocketHandler> map = Map.of("/rsocket", new ReactiveWebSocketHandler());SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();mapping.setUrlMap(map);mapping.setOrder(10);return mapping;
}class ReactiveWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler {@Overridepublic Mono<Void> handle(WebSocketSession session) {return session.send(Flux.interval(Duration.ofSeconds(1)).map(i -> session.textMessage("Tick: " + i)));}
}

六、生产环境最佳实践

6.1 集群解决方案

6.2 性能调优参数

参数	推荐值	说明
maxTextMessageBufferSize	8192	文本消息缓冲区
maxBinaryMessageBufferSize	8192	二进制消息缓冲区
maxSessionIdleTimeout	300000	会话超时(ms)
asyncSendTimeout	60000	异步发送超时

七、异常处理与监控

7.1 异常处理链

@ControllerAdvice
public class WebSocketExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandlerpublic void handleException(Throwable ex, WebSocketSession session) {session.send(Mono.just(session.textMessage("Error: " + ex.getMessage())));}
}

7.2 监控指标

@Bean
public MeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> metricsCommonTags() {return registry -> registry.config().commonTags("application", "websocket-service","protocol", "ws");
}