Android 之 ViewBinding 实现更安全、高效的视图绑定

​​一、配置说明​​

1. ​​作用位置​​

   需在模块级 build.gradle或 build.gradle.kts文件的 android {}块内添加：

   android {buildFeatures {viewBinding = true // Kotlin DSL 语法}
   }

   android {buildFeatures {viewBinding true // Groovy 语法}
   }

2. ​​生成规则​​

   • 为每个 XML 布局文件（如 activity_main.xml）生成对应的绑定类（如 ActivityMainBinding）。

   • 绑定类包含布局中所有带 android:id的视图引用，无需手动调用 findViewById()。

3. ​​忽略特定布局​​

   若无需为某布局生成绑定类，可在其根节点添加：

<LinearLayout...tools:viewBindingIgnore="true">
</LinearLayout>

二、使用示例​​

​​1. Activity 中绑定视图​

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBindingoverride fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)setContentView(binding.root) // 设置根视图// 直接访问视图（类型安全 & 空安全）binding.textView.text = "Hello, View Binding!"binding.button.setOnClickListener { Toast.makeText(this, "Clicked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()}}
}

2. Fragment 中绑定视图（避免内存泄漏）​

class ExampleFragment : Fragment() {private var _binding: FragmentExampleBinding? = nullprivate val binding get() = _binding!! // 非空断言override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {_binding = FragmentExampleBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)return binding.root}override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {binding.textView.text = "Fragment Loaded"}override fun onDestroyView() {super.onDestroyView()_binding = null // 释放视图引用}
}

三、核心优势​​

五、与 DataBinding 对比​​