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Windows VMWare Centos环境下安装Docker并配置MySql

news 2025/6/28 16:40:42

虚拟机安装

官网下载Centos Stream 10系统镜像

安装了Minimal版，Terminal中粘贴、复制指令不方便，又新建了虚拟机，安装GUI版

终端输入指令报错修复

输入指令报错：failed to set locale defaulting to C.UTF-8，安装语言包

# 查看语言包
$ locale -a# 安装英文语言包
$ sudo dnf install glibc-langpack-en

安装Docker

#使用YUM包管理器
sudo yum update
sudo dnf -y install yum-utils#安装 dnf-plugins-core包（提供管理 DNF 仓库的命令）
sudo dnf -y install dnf-plugins-core#设置镜像sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo#安装最新版本的 Docker-CE 和 containerd 执行如下命令
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin#安装完成后启动docker服务
sudo systemctl start docker#检查docker是否正常运行
sudo systemctl status docker#设置docker自动启动
sudo systemctl enable docker

检查网络联通

VMWare 中Centos的网络信息：

windows宿主机，ping 虚拟机：

Docker 安装Mysql

初次拉取报错Error response from daemon。

duel@localhost:~$ docker pull mysql:5.7.25
permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Post "http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.51/images/create?fromImage=docker.io%2Flibrary%2Fmysql&tag=5.7.25": dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
duel@localhost:~$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7.25
Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

解决方法：通过vim在daemon.json中添加镜像加速。

sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.hpcloud.cloud","https://docker.m.daocloud.io","https://docker.unsee.tech","https://docker.1panel.live","http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://docker.chenby.cn","http://mirror.azure.cn","https://dockerpull.org","https://dockerhub.icu","https://hub.rat.dev"]
}

vim编辑保存后，重启docker，并再次尝试拉取MySql：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo systemctl status docker
sudo docker pull mysql:5.7.25

拉取MySql成功后，创建文件夹做挂载

$ sudo mkdir /mydata/mysql/conf
$ sudo mkdir /mydata/mysql/data
$ sudo mkdir /mydata/mysql/conf

创建my.cnf配置文件，并在vim中添加内容

#创建my.cnf配置文件
sudo touch /mydata/mysql/conf/my.cnf#vim中打开
sudo vim  /mydata/mysql/conf/my.cnf

vim中添加的内容如下：

[mysqld]
user=mysql
character-set-server=utf8
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
expire_logs_days=7
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=1000[client]
default-character-set=utf8[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

创建并运行

# sudo docker run --restart=always --privileged=true -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -v /mydata/mysql/conf/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=pwd123456 -d mysql:5.7.25sudo docker run --restart=always --privileged=true -p 3306:3306 --name mysql 
-v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql 
-v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql 
-v /mydata/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf 
-v /mydata/mysql/conf/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d 
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=pwd123456 
-d mysql:5.7.25

参数说明

 --restart=always：当Docker 重启时，容器会自动启动。

 --privileged=true：容器内的root拥有真正root权限，否则容器内root只是外部普通用户权限

 -p 3306:3306：将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口

 -v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql：将配置文件夹挂载到主机

 -v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql：将日志文件夹挂载到主机

 -v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql：将配置文件夹挂载到主机

 -v /mydata/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf：映射配置文件

 -v /mydata/mysql/conf/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d：映射配置文件

 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=pwd123456：初始化root用户的密码

 -d mysql:5.7.25 以后台方式启动

#进入容器
sudo docker exec -it mysql bash
root@96f90204aefb:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: pwd123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
mysql> select user,host from user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| root          | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

windows宿主机中使用Navicat测试连接：

mysql> exit
Bye
root@96f90204aefb:/# exit
exit
duel@localhost:~$ sudo shutdown -h now

重启虚拟机后，查看Docker状态，测试MySql自启成功：

duel@localhost:~$ sudo systemctl status dockerduel@localhost:~$ sudo docker exec -it mysql bash
root@96f90204aefb:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

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