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Windows窗口

news 2025/7/22 23:58:52

Windows窗口

Unit01注册窗口类

01窗口类的概念

  • 窗口类是包括了窗口的各种参数信息的数据结构
  • 每个窗口都具有窗口类，基于窗口类创建窗口
  • 每个窗口都具有一个名称，使用前必须注册到系统

02窗口类的分类

  • 系统窗口类
    系统已经定义好的窗口类，所有应用程序都可以直接使用
  • 应用程序全局窗口类
    由用户自己定义，当前应用程序所有模块都可以使用
  • 应用程序局部窗口类
    由用户自己定义，当前应用程序中本模块可以使用

03系统窗口

  • 不需要注册，直接使用窗口类即可。系统已经注册好了
    例如：

    • 按钮：BUTTON
    • 编辑框：EDIT

  • 示例：创建一个巨大的按钮

#include <windows.h>//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//在内存创建窗口HWND hWnd = CreateWindow("Button","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

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04全局及局部窗口类

  • 注册窗口类的函数
ATON RegisterClass(CONST WNDCLASS *lpWndClass//窗口类的数据
);//注册成功后，返回一个数字标识(返回0注册失败，非0注册成功)
  • 注册窗口类的结构体
typedef struct _WNDCLASS{UINT style;//窗口类的风格WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;//窗口处理函数int cbClsExtra;//窗口类的附加数据buff的大小int cbWndExtra;//窗口的附加数据buff的大小HINSTANCE hInstance;//当前模块的实例句柄HICON hIcon;//窗口图标句柄HCURSOR hCursor,//鼠标的句柄HBRUSH hbrBackground,//绘制窗口背景的画刷句柄LPCTSTR lpszMenuName,//窗口菜单的资源ID字符串LPCTSTR lpszClassName//窗口类的名称
}WNDCLASS,*PWNDCLASS;
  • style窗口类风格
    • 应用程序全局窗口类的注册，需要在窗口类的风格中增加CS_GLOBALCLASS
      例如：
    WNDCLASS wce = {0};
wce.style = ...|CS_GLOBALCLASS;
    • 应用程序局部窗口类：在注册窗口类时，不添加CS_GLOBALCLASS风格
    • 其他窗口类风格：
      • CS_HREDREAW：当窗口水平发生变化时，窗口重新绘制
      • CS_VREDREAW：当窗口垂直发生变化时，窗口重新绘制
      • CS_DBLCLKS：允许窗口接收鼠标双击
      • CS_NOCLOSE：窗口没有关闭按钮

Unit02窗口创建

01窗口创建

  • CreateWindow/CreateWindowEx
HWND CreateWindowEx{DWORD dwExStyle,//窗口的扩建风格LPCTSTR lpClassName,//已经注册的窗口类名称LPCTSTR lpWindowName,//窗口标题栏的名字DWORD dwStyle,//窗口的基本风格int x,//窗口左上角水平坐标位置int y,//窗口左上角的垂直坐标位置int nWidth,//窗口的宽度int nHeight,//窗口的高度HWND hWndParent,//窗口的父窗口句柄HMENU hMenu,//窗口菜单句柄HINSTANCE hInstance,//应用程序实例句柄LPVOID lpParam//窗口创建时俯角参数
};//创建成功返回窗口句柄

#include <windows.h>//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

02窗口创建执行过程

  • 1.系统（CreateWindowEx函数内部）根据传入的窗口类名称，在因用程序局部窗口类中查找，如果找到执行第2步，否则执行第3步
  • 2.比较局部窗口类与创建时传入的HINSTANCE变量。如果发现相等，创建和注册的窗口类在同一模块，创建窗口返回。如果不相等，继续执行第3步
  • 3.在应用程序全局窗口类，如果找到执行第4步，否则执行第5步
  • 4.使用找到的窗口类的信息，创建窗口返回
  • 5.在系统窗口类中查找，如果找到创建窗口返回，否则创建窗口失败
    在这里插入图片描述
    解决遗留问题：点击窗口的关闭按钮可以完全退出进程，不用在任务管理器中杀死进程
#include <windows.h>//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

03 子窗口创建

  • 创建时要设置父窗口句柄
  • 创建风格要增加WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE
#include <windows.h>//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

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Unit03消息基础

01消息的概念和作用

  • 消息组成（Windows平台下的消息）
    • 窗口句柄
    • 消息ID
    • 消息的两个参数（两个附带信息）
    • 消息的产生时间
    • 消息产生时的鼠标位置
  • 消息的作用
    • 当系统通知窗口工作时，就采用消息的方式(DispatchMessage)派发给窗口的窗口处理函数
/** Message structure*/
typedef struct tagMSG {HWND        hwnd;UINT        message;WPARAM      wParam;LPARAM      lParam;DWORD       time;POINT       pt;
#ifdef _MACDWORD       lPrivate;
#endif
} MSG, *PMSG, NEAR *NPMSG, FAR *LPMSG;

在这里插入图片描述

02窗口处理函数

  • 每个窗口都必须具有窗口处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,//窗口句柄UINT uMsg,//消息IDWPARAM wParam,//消息参数LPARAM lParam//消息参数
);
  • 当系统通知窗口时，会调用窗口处理函数，同时将消息ID和消息参数床底给窗口处理函数。在窗口处理函数中，不处理的消息，使用缺省窗口处理函数。例如：DefWindowProc

03 浅谈消息相关函数

  • GetMessage获取本进程的消息
BOOL GetMessage(LPMSG lpMsg,//存放获取到的消息BUFF//后面三个参数都是指定抓取消息的范围HWND hWnd,//窗口句柄（如果指定为NULL，表示抓取全部窗口的消息）UINT wMsgFilterMin,//获取消息的最小IDUINT wMsgFilteMax//获取消息的最大ID
);
//lpMsg:当获取到消息后，将消息的参数存放到MSG结构中
//hWnd:获取到hWnd所指定窗口的消息
//wMsgFilterMin和wMsgFilteMax:只能获取到由它们指定的消息范围内的消息，如果都为0，表示没有范围

在这里插入图片描述

  • TranslateMessage翻译消息，将按键消息，翻译成字符消息
    检查消息是否是按键的消息，如果不是按键消息，不做任何处理，继续执行（该函数只翻译可见字符的按键消息）
BOOL TranslateMessage(const MSG* lpMsg//要翻译的消息地址
);
  • DispatchMessage派发消息
    将消息派发到该消息所属窗口的窗口处理函数上
LONG LONG DispatchMessage(  const MSG* lpmsg //要派发的消息
);

Unit04常见消息

01WM_DESTORY

  • 产生时间：窗口被销毁时的消息
  • 附带信息：
    • wParam:0
    • lParam:0
  • 一般用法：常用语在窗口销毁之前，做相应的善后处理，例如资源、内存的释放等
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}

02WM_SYSCOMMAND

  • 产生时间：当点击窗口的最大化、最小化、关闭等
  • 附带信息：
    • wParam：具体点击的位置，例如关闭SC_CLOSE等
    • lParam：鼠标光标的位置(使用一个long类型的高低位分别存储两个数，使用下面的两个宏定义取出两个数)
      • LOWORD(lParam);//水平位置
      • HIWORD(lParam);//垂直位置
  • 一般用法：常用在窗口关闭时，提示用户处理
#include <windows.h>//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:MessageBox(hWnd,"02WM_SYSCOMMAND","Info",MB_OK);break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

#include <windows.h>//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);}else{return 0;}break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

03WM_CREATE

  • 产生时间：在窗口创建成功但还没显示时
  • 附带信息：
    • wParam：0
    • lParam：为CREATESTRUCT类型的指针。通过这个指针获取CreateWindowEx中的全部12个参数的信息
  • 一般用法：常用于初始化窗口的参数、资源等等，包括创建子窗口等
#include <windows.h>void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);//创建子窗口CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_CREATE:onCreate(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);}else{return 0;}break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口char* pszText = "hello data";HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

04WM_SIZE

  • 产生时间：在窗口的大小发生变化
  • 附带信息：
    • wParam：窗口大小变化的原因
    • lParam：窗口变化后的大小
      • LOWORD(lParam);//水平位置
      • HIWORD(lParam);//垂直位置
  • 一般用法：常用于窗口大小变化后，调整窗口内各个部分的布局
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);char szText[256] = {0};sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);//创建子窗口CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_SIZE:onSize(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_CREATE://onCreate(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);}else{return 0;}break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口char* pszText = "hello data";HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

05WM_QUIT

  • 产生时间：程序员发送
  • 附带信息：
    • wParam：PostQuitMessage函数传递参数
    • lParam：0
  • 一般用法：用于结束消息循环，当GetMessage收到这个消息后，会返回FALSE，结束while处理，退出消息循环

Unit05消息循环的原理

01消息循环的阻塞

  • GetMessage从系统获取消息，将消息从系统中移除，是一个阻塞函数。当系统无消息时，会一直等待下一条消息的到来。
  • PeekMessage以查看的方式从系统中获取消息，可以不将消息从系统中移除，是一个非阻塞函数。当系统无消息时，返回FALSE，继续执行后续程序（相当于只负责侦查而不负责处理消息）
BOOL PeekMessage( LPMSG lpMsg,   //message informationHWND hWnd,   //handle to windowUINT wMsgFilterMin, //first messageUINT wMsgFilterMax, //last messageUINT wRemoveMsg//移除标识，赋值PM_NOREMOVE或PM_REMOVE);

在这里插入图片描述

	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理}
//将处理消息的while循环可以换一种高效的写法了while(1){if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){//有消息if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);}else{return 0;}}else{//空闲处理WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);}}

示例：

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);char szText[256] = {0};sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);//创建子窗口CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_SIZE:onSize(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_CREATE://onCreate(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);}else{return 0;}break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口char* pszText = "hello data";HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(1){if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){//有消息if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);}else{return 0;}}else{//空闲处理WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);}}return 0;
}

02 发送消息

  • 消息的处理过程
    在这里插入图片描述
  • SendMessage发送消息，会等候消息处理的结果
  • PostMessage投递消息，消息发出后立即返回，不等待消息执行结果
LRESULT SendMessage / PostMessage(  HWND hWnd, //消息发送的目的窗口UINT Msg,   //消息IDWPARAM wParam,//消息参数  LPARAM lParam //消息参数
); 

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);char szText[256] = {0};sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);//创建子窗口CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_SIZE:onSize(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_CREATE://onCreate(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_DESTROY://PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0//窗口能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage能抓到PostMessage发送的消息PostMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);//PostQuitMessage内部调用此函数//窗口不能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage不能抓到SendMessage发送的消息//SendMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);}else{return 0;}break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口char* pszText = "hello data";HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(1){if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){//有消息if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);}else{return 0;}}else{//空闲处理WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);}}return 0;
}

03消息分类

  • 系统消息：ID范围0-0x3FF，由系统定义好的消息，可以在程序中直接使用（注意系统消息要么程序员只负责处理不负责发送，如WM_SIZE，要么只负责发送不负责处理，如WM_QUIT）
  • 用户自定义消息：ID范围0x0400-0x7FFF(31743)'
    • 由用户自己定义，满足用户自己的需求，由用户自己发出消息，并相应处理
    • 自定义消息宏：WM_USER

自定义消息示例

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
//自定义消息
#define WM_MYMESSAGE WM_USER+1001HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);char szText[256] = {0};sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);//发送自定消息（自己爱在哪里发送就写在哪里）PostMessage(hWnd,WM_MYMESSAGE,1,2);//创建子窗口CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}void onMyMessage(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){char szText[256] = {0};sprintf(szText,"自定义消息被处理：wParam=%d,lParam=%d\n", wParam, lParam);MessageBox(hWnd, szText, "Infor", MB_OK);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msgID){case WM_MYMESSAGE:onMyMessage(hWnd,wParam, lParam);break;case WM_SIZE:onSize(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_CREATE://onCreate(hWnd, lParam);break;case WM_DESTROY://PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0//窗口能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage能抓到PostMessage发送的消息PostMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);//PostQuitMessage内部调用此函数//窗口不能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage不能抓到SendMessage发送的消息//SendMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);break;case WM_SYSCOMMAND:if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);}else{return 0;}break;}return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//注册窗口类WNDCLASS wc = {0};wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Main";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//在内存创建窗口char* pszText = "hello data";HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);//子窗口窗口类wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wc.hCursor = NULL;wc.hIcon = NULL;wc.hInstance = hIns;wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wc.lpszClassName = "Child";wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核//子窗口1HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//子窗口2HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);//显示窗口ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);UpdateWindow(hWnd);//消息循环MSG nMsg = {0};while(1){if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){//有消息if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){TranslateMessage(&nMsg);DispatchMessage(&nMsg);}else{return 0;}}else{//空闲处理WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);}}return 0;
}
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