Hudi-集成Spark之spark-sql方式

Hudi集成Spark之spark-sql方式

启动spark-sql

# 启动spark-sql之前需要先启动Hive的Metastore
nohup hive --service metastore & #针对Spark 3.2
spark-sql \--conf 'spark.serializer=org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer' \--conf 'spark.sql.catalog.spark_catalog=org.apache.spark.sql.hudi.catalog.HoodieCatalog' \--conf 'spark.sql.extensions=org.apache.spark.sql.hudi.HoodieSparkSessionExtension'# 如果没有配置hive环境变量，手动拷贝hive-site.xml到spark的conf下

创建表

建表参数：

参数名	默认值	说明
primaryKey	uuid	表的主键名，多个字段用逗号分隔。同 hoodie.datasource.write.recordkey.field
preCombineField		表的预合并字段。同 hoodie.datasource.write.precombine.field
type	cow	创建的表类型： type = ‘cow’ type = 'mor’同 hoodie.datasource.write.table.type

（1）创建非分区表

创建一个 cow 表，默认 primaryKey ‘uuid’，不提供 preCombineField

create database spark_hudi;use spark_hudi;create table hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl (uuid int,name string,price double
) using hudi;

（2）创建一个 mor 非分区表

create table hudi_mor_tbl (id int,name string,price double,ts bigint
) using hudi
tblproperties (type = 'mor',primaryKey = 'id',preCombineField = 'ts'
);

（3）创建分区表

创建一个 cow 分区外部表，指定 primaryKey 和 preCombineField。此刻数据在hdfs上

create table hudi_cow_pt_tbl (id bigint,name string,ts bigint,dt string,hh string
) using hudi
tblproperties (type = 'cow',primaryKey = 'id',preCombineField = 'ts'
)
partitioned by (dt, hh)
location '/opt/hudi/hudi_cow_pt_tbl';

（4）在已有的 hudi 表上创建新表，不需要指定模式和非分区列（如果存在）之外的任何属性，Hudi 可以自动识别模式和配置。

• 非分区表

  create table hudi_existing_tbl0 using hudi
  location 'file:///opt/datas/hudi/dataframe_hudi_nonpt_table';
  

• 分区表

  create table hudi_existing_tbl1 using hudi
  partitioned by (dt, hh)
  location 'file:///opt/datas/dataframe_hudi_pt_table';
  

（5）通过 CTAS (Create Table As Select)建表为了提高向 hudi 表加载数据的性能，CTAS 使用批量插入作为写操作。

• 通过 CTAS 创建 cow 非分区表，不指定 preCombineField

  create table hudi_ctas_cow_nonpcf_tbl
  using hudi
  tblproperties (primaryKey = 'id')
  as
  select 1 as id, 'a1' as name, 10 as price;
  

• 通过 CTAS 创建 cow 分区表，指定 preCombineField

  create table hudi_ctas_cow_pt_tbl
  using hudi
  tblproperties (type = 'cow', primaryKey = 'id', preCombineField = 'ts')
  partitioned by (dt)
  as
  select 1 as id, 'a1' as name, 10 as price, 1000 as ts, '2021-12-01' as dt;
  

• 通过 CTAS 从其他表加载数据

  # 创建内部表
  create table parquet_mngd using parquet location 'file:///opt/datas/parquet_dataset/*.parquet';
  # 通过 CTAS 加载数据
  create table hudi_ctas_cow_pt_tbl2 using hudi location 
  'file://opt/datas/hudi/hudi_tbl/' options (type = 'cow',primaryKey = 'id',preCombineField = 'ts'
  )
  partitioned by (datestr) as select * from parquet_mngd;
  

插入数据

默认情况下，如果提供了 preCombineKey，则 insert into 的写操作类型为 upsert，否则使用 insert

（1）向非分区表插入数据

insert into hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl select 1, 'a1', 20;
insert into hudi_mor_tbl select 1, 'a1', 20, 1000;

（2）向分区表动态分区插入数据

insert into hudi_cow_pt_tbl partition (dt, hh) select 1 as id, 'a1' as name, 1000 as ts, '2021-12-09' as dt, '10' as hh;

（3）向分区表静态分区插入数据

insert into hudi_cow_pt_tbl partition(dt = '2021-12-09', hh='11') select 2, 'a2', 1000;

（4）使用 bulk_insert 插入数据

hudi 支持使用 bulk_insert 作为写操作的类型，只需要设置两个配置：hoodie.sql.bulk.insert.enable 和 hoodie.sql.insert.mode。

-- 向指定 preCombineKey 的表插入数据，则写操作为 upsert
insert into hudi_mor_tbl select 1, 'a1_1', 20, 1001;
select id, name, price, ts from hudi_mor_tbl;
1 a1_1 20.0 1001-- 向指定 preCombineKey 的表插入数据，指定写操作为 bulk_insert 
set hoodie.sql.bulk.insert.enable=true;
set hoodie.sql.insert.mode=non-strict;insert into hudi_mor_tbl select 1, 'a1_2', 20, 1002;
select id, name, price, ts from hudi_mor_tbl;
1 a1_1 20.0 1001
1 a1_2 20.0 1002

查询数据

（1）查询

select fare, begin_lon, begin_lat, ts from hudi_trips_snapshot where fare > 20.0;

（2）时间旅行查询

Hudi 从 0.9.0 开始就支持时间旅行查询。Spark SQL 方式要求 Spark 版本 3.2 及以上。

-- 关闭前面开启的 bulk_insert
set hoodie.sql.bulk.insert.enable=false;-- 数据写入到hdfs上
create table hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 (id bigint,name string,ts bigint,dt string,hh string
) using hudi
tblproperties (type = 'cow',primaryKey = 'id',preCombineField = 'ts'
)
partitioned by (dt, hh)
location '/opt/datas/hudi/hudi_cow_pt_tbl1';-- 插入一条 id 为 1 的数据
insert into hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 select 1, 'a0', 1000, '2021-12-09', '10';
select * from hudi_cow_pt_tbl1;
-- 修改 id 为 1 的数据
insert into hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 select 1, 'a1', 1001, '2021-12-09', '10';
select * from hudi_cow_pt_tbl1;
-- 基于第一次提交时间进行时间旅行
select * from hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 timestamp as of '20220307091628793' where id = 1;
-- 其他时间格式的时间旅行写法
select * from hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 timestamp as of '2022-03-07 09:16:28.100' where id = 1;
select * from hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 timestamp as of '2022-03-08' where id = 1;

更新数据

（1）update

更新操作需要指定 preCombineField。

• 语法

  UPDATE tableIdentifier SET column = EXPRESSION(,column = EXPRESSION) [ WHERE boolExpression]
  

• 执行更新

  update hudi_mor_tbl set price = price * 2, ts = 1111 where id = 1;
  update hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 set name = 'a1_1', ts = 1001 where id = 1;
  -- update using non-PK field
  update hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 set ts = 1111 where name = 'a1_1';
  

（2）MergeInto

• 语法

  MERGE INTO tableIdentifier AS target_alias
  USING (sub_query | tableIdentifier) AS source_alias
  ON <merge_condition>
  [ WHEN MATCHED [ AND <condition> ] THEN <matched_action> ]
  [ WHEN MATCHED [ AND <condition> ] THEN <matched_action> ]
  [ WHEN NOT MATCHED [ AND <condition> ] THEN <not_matched_action> ]
  <merge_condition> =A equal bool condition 
  <matched_action> =DELETE |UPDATE SET * |UPDATE SET column1 = expression1 [, column2 = expression2 ...]
  <not_matched_action> =INSERT * |INSERT (column1 [, column2 ...]) VALUES (value1 [, value2 ...])
  

  可以看作是一个join操作。

• 执行案例

  执行前开启hive的hiveservice2

  [root@hadoop102 bin]# ./hiveserver2 start
  

  -- 1、准备 source 表：非分区的 hudi 表，插入数据
  create table merge_source (id int, name string, price double, ts bigint) using hudi tblproperties (primaryKey = 'id', preCombineField = 'ts');insert into merge_source values (1, "old_a1", 22.22, 2900), (2, "new_a2", 33.33, 2000), (3, "new_a3", 44.44, 2000);merge into hudi_mor_tbl as target 
  using merge_source as source 
  on target.id = source.id 
  when matched then update set * 
  when not matched then insert *;
  -- 2、准备 source 表：分区的 parquet 表，插入数据
  create table merge_source2 (id int, name string, flag string, dt string, hh string) using parquet;insert into merge_source2 values (1, "new_a1", 'update', '2021-12-09', '10'), (2, "new_a2", 'delete', '2021-12-09', '11'), (3, "new_a3", 'insert', '2021-12-09', '12');merge into hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 as target
  using (select id, name, '2000' as ts, flag, dt, hh from merge_source2
  ) source
  on target.id = source.id
  when matched and flag != 'delete' then
  update set id = source.id, name = source.name, ts = source.ts, dt 
  = source.dt, hh = source.hh
  when matched and flag = 'delete' then delete
  when not matched then
  insert (id, name, ts, dt, hh) values(source.id, source.name, source.ts, source.dt, source.hh);
  

mergeInto会发生的报错：

Could not sync using the meta sync class org.apache.hudi.hive.HiveSyncTooljava.sql.SQLException: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=hive, access=EXECUTE, inode="/tmp":root:supergroup:drwxrwx---

解决方案：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45417821/article/details/128651942

删除数据

语法：

DELETE FROM tableIdentifier [ WHERE BOOL_EXPRESSION]

案例：

delete from hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl where uuid = 1;
delete from hudi_mor_tbl where id % 2 = 0;-- 使用非主键字段删除
delete from hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 where name = 'a1_1';

覆盖数据

• 使用 INSERT_OVERWRITE 类型的写操作覆盖分区表
• 使用 INSERT_OVERWRITE_TABLE 类型的写操作插入覆盖非分区表或分区表（动态分区）

（1）insert overwrite 非分区表

insert overwrite hudi_mor_tbl select 99, 'a99', 20.0, 900;
insert overwrite hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl select 99, 'a99', 20.0;

（2）通过动态分区 insert overwrite table 到分区表

insert overwrite table hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 select 10, 'a10', 1100, '2021-12-09', '11';

（3）通过静态分区 insert overwrite 分区表

insert overwrite hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 partition(dt = '2021-12-09', hh='12') select 13, 'a13', 1100;

修改表结构（Alter Table）

语法：

-- Alter table name
ALTER TABLE oldTableName RENAME TO newTableName
-- Alter table add columns
ALTER TABLE tableIdentifier ADD COLUMNS(colAndType (,colAndType)*)
-- Alter table column type
ALTER TABLE tableIdentifier CHANGE COLUMN colName colName colType
-- Alter table properties
ALTER TABLE tableIdentifier SET TBLPROPERTIES (key = 'value')

案例：

--rename to:
ALTER TABLE hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl RENAME TO hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl2;
--add column:
ALTER TABLE hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl2 add columns(remark string);
--change column:
ALTER TABLE hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl2 change column uuid uuid int;
--set properties;
alter table hudi_cow_nonpcf_tbl2 set tblproperties (hoodie.keep.max.commits = '10');

修改分区

语法：

-- Drop Partition
ALTER TABLE tableIdentifier DROP PARTITION ( partition_col_name = partition_col_val [ , ... ] )
-- Show Partitions
SHOW PARTITIONS tableIdentifier

案例：

--show partition:
show partitions hudi_cow_pt_tbl1;
--drop partition：
alter table hudi_cow_pt_tbl1 drop partition (dt='2021-12-09', hh='10');

注意：show partition 结果是基于文件系统表路径的。删除整个分区数据或直接删除某个分区目录并不精确。

存储过程（Procedures）

语法：

--Call procedure by positional arguments
CALL system.procedure_name(arg_1, arg_2, ... arg_n)
--Call procedure by named arguments
CALL system.procedure_name(arg_name_2 => arg_2, arg_name_1 => arg_1, ... arg_name_n => arg_n)

案例：

可用的存储过程：https://hudi.apache.org/docs/procedures/

--show commit's info
call show_commits(table => 'hudi_cow_pt_tbl1', limit => 10);