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使用 GORM 与 MySQL 数据库进行交互来实现增删改查（CRUD）操作

news 2025/7/7 6:58:29

1、安装 GORM 和 MySQL 驱动

新版本库是gorm.io/gorm

go get -u gorm.io/gorm

go get -u gorm.io/driver/mysql

2、连接 MySQL 数据库

package mainimport ("gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm""log"
)func main() {// 数据源名称 (DSN) 格式：username:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Localdsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to connect database: %v", err)}log.Println("Connected to the MySQL database successfully.")
}

请根据实际情况替换 dsn 中的 user, password, 127.0.0.1:3306, dbname

3、定义模型

定义一个简单的模型，例如 Product，用于映射到数据库表。

type Product struct {gorm.ModelCode  stringPrice uint
}

这里的 gorm.Model 包含了 ID、CreatedAt、UpdatedAt 和 DeletedAt 字段。

4、完整示例

package mainimport ("log""gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm"
)type Product struct {gorm.ModelCode  stringPrice uint
}func main() {dsn := "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to connect database: %v", err)}log.Println("Connected to the MySQL database successfully.")// 自动创建或迁移表db.AutoMigrate(&Product{})// 创建product := Product{Code: "D42", Price: 100}result := db.Create(&product)if result.Error != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to create record: %v", result.Error)} else {log.Printf("Created product with ID: %d", product.ID)}// 查询var retrievedProduct Productif err := db.First(&retrievedProduct, 1).Error; err != nil {log.Printf("Product not found: %v", err)} else {log.Printf("Found product: %+v", retrievedProduct)}// 更新product.Price = 150result = db.Save(&product)if result.Error != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to update record: %v", result.Error)} else {log.Printf("Updated product: %+v", product)}// 删除result = db.Delete(&product)if result.Error != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to delete record: %v", result.Error)} else {log.Printf("Deleted product with ID: %d", product.ID)}
}