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AscendC从入门到精通系列（一）初步感知AscendC

news 2025/6/27 3:49:12

1 什么是AscendC

Ascend C是CANN针对算子开发场景推出的编程语言，原生支持C和C++标准规范，兼具开发效率和运行性能。基于Ascend C编写的算子程序，通过编译器编译和运行时调度，运行在昇腾AI处理器上。使用Ascend C，开发者可以基于昇腾AI硬件，高效的实现自定义的创新算法。

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算子开发学习地图：
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2 从helloworld出发感受AscendC

2.1 使用AscendC写核函数

包含核函数的Kernel实现文件hello_world.cpp代码如下：核函数hello_world的核心逻辑为打印"Hello World"字符串。hello_world_do封装了核函数的调用程序，通过<<<>>>内核调用符对核函数进行调用。

#include "kernel_operator.h"
extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void hello_world()
{AscendC::printf("Hello World!!!\n");
}void hello_world_do(uint32_t blockDim, void* stream)
{hello_world<<<blockDim, nullptr, stream>>>();
}

2.2 通过main.cpp调用核函数

便携main.cpp进行调用。

#include "acl/acl.h"
extern void hello_world_do(uint32_t coreDim, void* stream);int32_t main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{// AscendCL初始化aclInit(nullptr);// 运行管理资源申请int32_t deviceId = 0;aclrtSetDevice(deviceId);aclrtStream stream = nullptr;aclrtCreateStream(&stream);// 设置参与运算的核数为8constexpr uint32_t blockDim = 8;// 用内核调用符<<<>>>调用核函数，hello_world_do中封装了<<<>>>调用hello_world_do(blockDim, stream);aclrtSynchronizeStream(stream);// 资源释放和AscendCL去初始化aclrtDestroyStream(stream);aclrtResetDevice(deviceId);aclFinalize();return 0;
}

2.3 添加CMakeLists文件

注意修改：SOC_VERSION，一般是: Ascend310P3,Ascend910B3等，通过npu-sim info命令查询。

# Copyright (c) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2020. All rights reserved.# CMake lowest version requirement
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16.0)# project information
project(Ascend_C)
set(SOC_VERSION "Ascend310P3" CACHE STRING "system on chip type")
set(ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH "/usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/latest" CACHE PATH "ASCEND CANN package installation directory")
set(RUN_MODE "npu" CACHE STRING "run mode: npu")
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug" CACHE STRING "Build type Release/Debug (default Debug)" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/out" CACHE STRING "path for install()" FORCE)if(EXISTS ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/tools/tikcpp/ascendc_kernel_cmake)set(ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/tools/tikcpp/ascendc_kernel_cmake)
elseif(EXISTS ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/compiler/tikcpp/ascendc_kernel_cmake)set(ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/compiler/tikcpp/ascendc_kernel_cmake)
elseif(EXISTS ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/ascendc_devkit/tikcpp/samples/cmake)set(ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/ascendc_devkit/tikcpp/samples/cmake)
else()message(FATAL_ERROR "ascendc_kernel_cmake does not exist, please check whether the cann package is installed.")
endif()include(${ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR}/ascendc.cmake)# ascendc_library use to add kernel file to generate ascendc library
ascendc_library(kernels STATIChello_world.cpp
)add_executable(main main.cpp)target_link_libraries(main PRIVATEkernels
)

2.4 编译运行

注意修改：SOC_VERSION，一般是: Ascend310P3, Ascend910B3等，通过npu-sim info命令查询。

source /usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/latest/bin/setenv.bash  // 注意修改为当前环境的路径
rm -rf build
mkdir -p build
cmake -B build \-DSOC_VERSION=${SOC_VERSION} \-DASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH=/usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/latest
cmake --build build -j
cmake --install build./build/main

注意：编译有报错，确认下CANN版本和Sample的版本是不是匹配的。

比如CANN是8.0RC2，那么Sample库的版本最好也切到8.0RC2。

如果CANN是8.0RC3这种，Sample中没有8.0RC2，那就直接用master。

详细可以Ascend官方gitee库：

operator/HelloWorldSample/run.sh · Ascend/samples - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)
gitee.com/ascend/samples/tree/master/operator/Hello

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