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三、k8s快速入门之Kubectl 命令基础操作

news 2025/7/5 13:31:09

⭐️创建Pod

[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image=harbor.tanc.com/library/ngix:latest 
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be rmoved in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kbectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created

⭐️查看容器状态

[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image=harbor.tanc.com/library/ngix:latest 
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be rmoved in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kbectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created

⭐️开放端口

kubectl expose [pod名] --port [端口号]

⭐️查看服务service

kubectl get svc

⭐️ 增加副本数

kubectl scale deployment [pod名] --repolicas=[副本数]

⭐️删除pod-如果你的删除后你设定的副本数大于你当前pod数，rs就会给你在重新创建一个

kubectl delete pod [pod名]

🌟 实列

创建nginx pod，端口映射为80-->8000,期待副本数为3个

kubectl run nginx --image=harbor.tanc.com/library/nginx:latest 
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=8000 --target-port=80

查看一下有几个副本数

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS     RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6b48575596-bsdt2   1/1     Running   0          16m   10.244.2.3   node2   <none>           <none>
nginx-6b48575596-fbdjf   1/1     Running   0          22m   10.244.2.2   node2   <none>           <none>
nginx-6b48575596-g892j   1/1     Running   0          22m   10.244.1.3   node1   <none>           <none>

删除一个副本试一下

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx-6b48575596-g892j
pod "nginx-6b48575596-g892j" deleted

在来查看一下它又重新运行了一个

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-6b48575596-bsdt2   1/1     Running   0          22m
nginx-6b48575596-fbdjf   1/1     Running   0          27m
nginx-6b48575596-wzmdp   1/1     Running   0          44s

由于我们映射了一个端口号我们可以试着访问一下

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6b48575596-bsdt2   1/1     Running   0          23m     10.244.2.3   node2   <none>           <none>
nginx-6b48575596-fbdjf   1/1     Running   0          29m     10.244.2.2   node2   <none>           <none>
nginx-6b48575596-wzmdp   1/1     Running   0          2m34s   10.244.1.4   node1   <none>           <none>

⭐️增加\减少副本期望数

kubectl scale deploy [deploy名] --replica=[副本数]

⭐️隔离和恢复隔离

kubectl cordon <node_name>
kubectl uncordon <node_name>

⭐️驱逐

kubectl drain <node>

🌟 滚动更新

创建一个deploy在创建三个nginx：v1的pod

[root@master test]# cat apply.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: dp-test1labels:test: dp1
spec:replicas: 3template:metadata:name: weblabels:app: webappspec:containers:- name: nginx-appimage: harbor.tanc.com/library/nginx:v1imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- name: webcontainerPort: 80

执行

kubectl apply -f apply.yaml --record=true

–record的作用是将当前命令记录到revision中，可以知道每个revision对应的是哪个配置文件。

查看deploy信息

kubectl describe dp-test1

把镜像换成v2在试一下

 kubectl describe deploy dp-test1
Events:Type    Reason             Age   From                   Message----    ------             ----  ----                   -------Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  10m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set dp-test1-688f6479b to 3Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  7s    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set dp-test1-b5bc484f9 to 1Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  7s    deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set dp-test1-688f6479b to 2Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  7s    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set dp-test1-b5bc484f9 to 2Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  5s    deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set dp-test1-688f6479b to 1Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  5s    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set dp-test1-b5bc484f9 to 3Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  5s    deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set dp-test1-688f6479b to 0上面的日志信息就描述了滚动升级的过程：
① 启动一个新版Pod。
② 把旧版Pod数量降为2。
③ 再启动一个新版，数量变为2。
④ 把旧版Pod数量降为1。
⑤ 再启动一个新版，数量变为3。
⑥ 把旧版Pod数量降为0。

查看revision历史记录，

kubectl rollout history deployment dp-test1
deployment.extensions/dp-test1 
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         kubectl create --filename=apply.yaml --record=true
2         kubectl create --filename=apply.yaml --record=true

回滚

kubectl rollout undo deployment  dp-test1 --to-revision=1 ##这样他就会到v1了

查看

[root@master test]# kubectl get deploy -o wide
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                             SELECTOR
dp-test1   3/3     3            3           27m   nginx-app    harbor.tanc.com/library/nginx:v1   app=webapp