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Spring Boot中获取application.yml中属性的几种方式

news 2025/8/30 6:44:49

在Spring Boot应用程序中，可以通过多种方式从application.yml文件中获取配置属性。以下是几种常见的方法：

1. 使用`@Value`注解

你可以使用@Value注解将application.yml中的属性注入到Spring管理的bean中。

application.yml

app:name: MySpringBootAppversion: 1.0.0

Java类

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class AppConfig {@Value("${app.name}")private String appName;@Value("${app.version}")private String appVersion;// Getter and Setter methodspublic String getAppName() {return appName;}public void setAppName(String appName) {this.appName = appName;}public String getAppVersion() {return appVersion;}public void setAppVersion(String appVersion) {this.appVersion = appVersion;}
}

2. 使用`@ConfigurationProperties`注解

@ConfigurationProperties注解提供了一种类型安全的方式来绑定配置属性到Java对象。

application.yml

app:name: MySpringBootAppversion: 1.0.0

Java类

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
public class AppConfig {private String name;private String version;// Getter and Setter methodspublic String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getVersion() {return version;}public void setVersion(String version) {this.version = version;}
}

你还需要在Spring Boot的主类或者配置类上启用@EnableConfigurationProperties注解：

主类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties(AppConfig.class)
public class MySpringBootApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class, args);}
}

3. 使用`Environment`对象

你可以通过注入Environment对象来获取配置属性。

Java类

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class AppConfig {@Autowiredprivate Environment env;public String getAppName() {return env.getProperty("app.name");}public String getAppVersion() {return env.getProperty("app.version");}
}

4. 使用`@PropertySource`注解（不推荐用于YAML文件）

@PropertySource注解通常用于加载.properties文件，而不是.yml文件。但如果你坚持使用.properties文件，可以这样：

application.properties

app.name=MySpringBootApp
app.version=1.0.0

Java类

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class AppConfig {@Value("${app.name}")private String appName;@Value("${app.version}")private String appVersion;// Getter and Setter methodspublic String getAppName() {return appName;}public void setAppName(String appName) {this.appName = appName;}public String getAppVersion() {return appVersion;}public void setAppVersion(String appVersion) {this.appVersion = appVersion;}
}