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记录linux环境下搭建本地MQTT服务器实现mqtt的ssl加密通讯

news 2025/7/22 10:13:58

1、ubuntu安装mosquitto

sudo apt-get update//安装服务端
sudo apt-get install mosquitto//安装客户端
sudo apt-get install mosquitto-clients

2、安装openssl

3、mqtts/tls加密传输

mosquitto原生支持了TLS加密，TLS（传输层安全）是SSL（安全套接层）的新名称，mqtts/tls支持3种加密模式：

CA Signed server certificate：由CA机构签名的服务器认证（启用ssl加密不做认证）
Self-signed server certificate：自签名的服务器认证自签名服务器认证需要填写PEM格式的自签名CA证书（单向认证）
Self-signed server & client certificate：自签名的服务器&客户端双向认证。自签名的双向认证需要填写PEM格式的自签名CA证书（CA Certificate），客户端证书（Client Certificate）和客户端密钥（Client Key）。如果客户端密钥文件是加密的，需要填写客户端密钥密码（Client Key Passphrase）。（双向认证）

证书生成

使用github中的一个脚本，可以让hostname为localhost、本机ip或127.0.0.1，脚本从OweTracks项目下载并运行generate-CA.sh脚本。该脚本创建CA文件，生成服务器证书，并使用CA来签名证书。

//创建证书目录
mkdir certs//下载脚本到certs
cd certs
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owntracks/tools/master/TLS/generate-CA.sh//执行脚本
sh ./generate-CA.sh

可生成以下内容：

[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ ls
ca.crt  ca.key  ca.srl generate-CA.sh  localhost.localdomain.crt  localhost.localdomain.csr  localhost.localdomain.key

将上述生成的文件拷贝到/etc/mosquitto/certs目录下(也可以不拷贝，再配置文件指定绝对路径)

//给下面3个文件换个名字
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ mv localhost.localdomain.crt server.crt
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ mv localhost.localdomain.csr server.csr
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ mv localhost.localdomain.key server.key//拷贝文件到/etc/mosquitto/certs
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ sudo cp -rf  ca.crt  ca.key  ca.srl client.crt  client.csr  client.key   server.crt  server.csr  server.key /etc/mosquitto/certs/

修改mosiquitto.conf，添加证书的路径，加密端口8883（配置端口监听端口默认是1883）

[yangzheng@localhost app]$ cat /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
# Place your local configuration in /etc/mosquitto/conf.d/
#
# A full description of the configuration file is at
# /usr/share/doc/mosquitto/examples/mosquitto.conf.examplepid_file /var/run/mosquitto.pidpersistence true
persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/log_dest file /var/log/mosquitto/mosquitto.log#add
listener 8883
cafile /etc/mosquitto/certs/ca.crt
certfile /etc/mosquitto/certs/host.crt
keyfile /etc/mosquitto/certs/host.key# one-way or two-way authentication
#require_certificate true
#end addinclude_dir /etc/mosquitto/conf.d

启动mqtt服务

[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ sudo mosquitto -d -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf^C
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ ps -aux |grep mosquitto
mosquit+  4860  0.1  0.1  45356  5684 ?        Ss   17:19   0:05 mosquitto -d -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
yangzhe+  4958  0.0  0.0  16156  1036 pts/10   S+   18:13   0:00 grep mosquitto

4 测试

ubuntu 命令行测试

a 单向认证

单向认证时客户端不需要生成客户端证书、钥匙和请求，仅需要将CA证书ca.crt，ca.key，ca.srl，拷贝到客户端系统中, 测试结果:

b 双向认证

双向认证则需根据CA证书生成客户端证书，生成客户端证书、钥匙和请求的方法是在CA证书文件夹下执行OpenSSL，命令如下：

[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ openssl genrsa -out client.key 2048
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ openssl req -new -out client.csr -key client.key -subj "/CN=client/O=example.com"
[yangzheng@localhost certs]$ openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAserial ./ca.srl -out client.crt -days 3650 -addtrust clientAuth

测试结果：

源码测试，关键配置：

a 只加密不认证

    MQTTClient_SSLOptions ssl_opts   = MQTTClient_SSLOptions_initializer;ssl_opts.enableServerCertAuth    = DISABLE;conn_opts.ssl                    = &ssl_opts;

b 单向认证

    MQTTClient_SSLOptions ssl_opts  = MQTTClient_SSLOptions_initializer;ssl_opts.enableServerCertAuth   = ENABLE;ssl_opts.trustStore             = "/mnt/tmp/ca.crt";conn_opts.ssl                   = &ssl_opts;

c 双向认证

    MQTTClient_SSLOptions ssl_opts  = MQTTClient_SSLOptions_initializer;ssl_opts.enableServerCertAuth   = ENABLE;ssl_opts.trustStore             = "/mnt/tmp/ca.crt";ssl_opts.privateKey             = "/mnt/tmp/client.key";ssl_opts.keyStore               = "/mnt/tmp/client.crt";conn_opts.ssl                   = &ssl_opts;

备注：

1、c 客户端源码下载git clone https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.c.git

2、使用mqtts/tls加密通信时，server地址需加"ssl://"，例如"ssl://127.0.0.1:8883"；

3、编译mqtt源码时，在makefile增加OPENSSL宏定义，如CFLAGS += -DOPENSSL

4、需要移植openssl库，mqtt源码编译需要链接到openssl中的include和lib

测试结果：