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华为路由器 VRRP主备配置

news 2025/8/1 17:09:54

组网需求

如下图所示，PC1通过SW1双归属到R1和R2。为保证用户的各种业务在网络传输中不中断，需在R1和R2上配置VRRP主备备份功能。

正常情况下，主机以R1为默认网关接入Internet，当R1故障时，R2接替R1作为网关继续进行工作，实现网关的冗余备份。
R1故障恢复后，其延时20秒通过抢占的方式重新成为Master，承担数据传输。

拓扑图

地址规划

机器	接口	IP	网关
PC1		192.168.10.100	192.168.10.254
R1	G0/0/2	192.168.10.1
R1	G0/0/1	10.0.10.1
R2	G0/0/2	192.168.10.2
R2	G0/0/1	10.0.20.1
R3	G0/0/0	10.0.10.2
	G0/0/1	10.0.20.2
	G0/0/2	192.168.137.10

1、R1 路由器

<R1>sys
[R1]un in en
[R1]sys R1
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip addr 10.0.10.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip addr 192.168.10.1 24# 设置 ospf
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 10.0.10.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit# 设置 vrrp
[R1-ospf-1]int g0/0/2# 创建 虚拟IP
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254# g0/0/2接口的优先级为120(越大越优先)，默认是100
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120# 设置接口为抢占模式，在故障恢复后延迟20s会抢占会Master的地位
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 20# 始终跟踪着g0/0/1端口，如果g0/0/1端口down，会将g0/0/2的优先级自动 -30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/1 reduced 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

2、R2 路由器

<R2>sys
[R2]un in en
[R2]sys R2
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip addr 10.0.20.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip addr 192.168.10.2 24# 设置 ospf
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit# 设置 vrrp
[R2-ospf-1]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254

3、R3 出口路由器

<R3>sys
[R3]un in en
[R3]sys R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip addr 10.0.10.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip addr 10.0.20.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip addr 192.168.137.10 24# 设置 ospf
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 10.0.10.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.137.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

4、验证配置结果

完成上述配置以后，在R1和R2上分别执行display vrrp命令，可以看到R1在备份组中的状态为Master，R2在备份组中的状态为Backup

[R1]dis vrrpGigabitEthernet0/0/2 | Virtual Router 1State : MasterVirtual IP : 192.168.10.254Master IP : 192.168.10.1PriorityRun : 120PriorityConfig : 120MasterPriority : 120Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 20 sTimerRun : 1 sTimerConfig : 1 sAuth type : NONEVirtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101Check TTL : YESConfig type : normal-vrrpBackup-forward : disabledTrack IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/1   Priority reduced : 30IF state : UPCreate time : 2023-03-27 17:13:19 UTC-08:00Last change time : 2023-03-27 17:21:26 UTC-08:00

[R2]dis vrrpGigabitEthernet0/0/2 | Virtual Router 1State : BackupVirtual IP : 192.168.10.254Master IP : 192.168.10.1PriorityRun : 100PriorityConfig : 100MasterPriority : 120Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 sTimerRun : 1 sTimerConfig : 1 sAuth type : NONEVirtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101Check TTL : YESConfig type : normal-vrrpBackup-forward : disabledCreate time : 2023-03-27 17:13:32 UTC-08:00Last change time : 2023-03-27 17:38:02 UTC-08:00

5、测试网络互通

# 访问出口路由器
[R1]ping 192.168.137.10PING 192.168.137.10: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 192.168.137.10: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 192.168.137.10: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 192.168.137.10: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 192.168.137.10: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 192.168.137.10: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms--- 192.168.137.10 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 20/20/20 ms# 访问 R2 路由器
[R1]ping 10.0.20.1PING 10.0.20.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 msReply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms--- 10.0.20.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/30 ms

6、模拟 R1 路由器出现故障

（1）通过上面我知道，现在 Master IP 在 192.168.10.1 R1 路由器上面，现在我们尝试断开 R1 路由器的 g0/0/1 接口

[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

（2）再次查看 vrrp，发现Master IP：已经漂移到 192.168.10.2 R2 路由器上面

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis vrrpGigabitEthernet0/0/2 | Virtual Router 1State : BackupVirtual IP : 192.168.10.254Master IP : 192.168.10.2PriorityRun : 90PriorityConfig : 120MasterPriority : 100Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 20 sTimerRun : 1 sTimerConfig : 1 sAuth type : NONEVirtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101Check TTL : YESConfig type : normal-vrrpBackup-forward : disabledTrack IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/1   Priority reduced : 30IF state : DOWNCreate time : 2023-03-27 17:13:19 UTC-08:00Last change time : 2023-03-27 17:54:18 UTC-08:00

（3）我们在 PC1 上面再次访问出口路由器，发现是OK的

PC1>ping 192.168.137.10Ping 192.168.137.10: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.137.10: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.137.10: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.137.10: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=32 ms
From 192.168.137.10: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.137.10: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=32 ms--- 192.168.137.10 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 31/34/47 ms

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