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STM32CubeMX实现矩阵按键（HAL库实现）

news 2025/7/7 8:38:29

功能描述：

实现矩阵按键验证，将矩阵按键的按键值，通过串口显示，便于后面使用。

实物图

原理图：

编程原理：

原理很简单，就是通过循环设置引脚为低电平，另外引脚扫描读取电平值，如果是低电平则表示按键按下，就是一个矩阵关系，这里直接将扫描代码分享给大家，使用最简单的思路实现。

接线表：

矩阵按键	STM32	模式
R4	PB12	上拉输入模式
R3	PB13	上拉输入模式
R2	PB14	上拉输入模式
R1	PB15	上拉输入模式
C1	PA8	推挽输出模式
C2	PA9	推挽输出模式
C3	PA10	推挽输出模式
C4	PA11	推挽输出模式
-	PA2	USART2_TX
-	PA3	USART2_RX

cubeMX配置：

代码如下：

uint16_t keyScan(void)
{HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL2_Pin|COL3_Pin|COL4_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 4\r\n", 8, 0XFFFF);return 4;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 8\r\n", 8, 0XFFFF);return 8;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 12\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 12;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 16\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 16;}HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL2_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL1_Pin|COL3_Pin|COL4_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 3\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 3;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 7\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 7;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 11\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 11;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 15\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 15;}HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL3_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL1_Pin|COL2_Pin|COL4_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 2\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 2;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 6\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 6;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 10\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 10;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 14\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 14;}HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL4_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, COL1_Pin|COL2_Pin|COL3_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW4_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 1\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 1;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW3_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 5\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 5;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW2_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 9\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 9;}if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_Delay(20);if(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin)){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);}while(GPIO_PIN_RESET == HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROW1_Pin));//HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)"key: 13\r\n", 9, 0XFFFF);return 13;}return 0;
}

实现效果

如下：