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用Python读取Word文件并提取标题

news 2025/7/10 6:10:09

前言

在日常工作中，我们经常需要处理Word文档，特别是从中提取关键信息，如标题、段落等。今天，我们将利用Python来实现这一功能，并为大家提供一段完整的代码示例。

准备工作

首先，你需要安装python-docx库，这是一个用于处理Word文档的Python库和collections库，用于数据去重

。你可以使用以下命令安装它：

pip install python-docx collections

代码讲解

下面是实现该功能的完整代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding:utf-8
import re
import docx
import os
from collections import OrderedDictinterfere = []
garde = []'''判断依据'''
first_title = []
first_title1 = []
first_title2 = []kew_word = ['是', '要']
one_characters = ['①', '②', '③', '④', '⑤', '⑥', '⑦', '⑧', '⑨', '⑩', '⑪', '⑫', '⑬', '⑭', '⑮', '⑯', '⑰', '⑱', '⑲', '⑳', '第', '甲', '乙', '丙', '—', 'Ⅰ', 'Ⅱ', 'Ⅲ', 'Ⅳ', 'Ⅴ', 'Ⅵ', 'Ⅶ', 'Ⅷ', 'Ⅸ', 'Ⅹ']
two_characters = []
three_characters = []
four_characters = []
five_characters = []
year = []
number1 = []
number2 = []
spell = []
spell1 = ['①', '②', '③', '④', '⑤', '⑥', '⑦', '⑧', '⑨', '⑩', '⑪', '⑫', '⑬', '⑭', '⑮', '⑯', '⑰', '⑱', '⑲', '⑳', 'Ⅰ', 'Ⅱ', 'Ⅲ', 'Ⅳ', 'Ⅴ', 'Ⅵ', 'Ⅶ', 'Ⅷ', 'Ⅸ', 'Ⅹ']def main():creat_role()path = r'./test'  #  测试文件夹file_name = os.listdir(path)for i in file_name:file_path = path + '\\' + icontent = read_data(file_path)# print(content)title = get_title(content)get_second_title(title)garde_unique = list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(garde))for i in garde_unique:print(i)def read_data(filename):content = []doc = docx.Document(filename)for para in doc.paragraphs:for r in para.runs:if r.bold and 5 < len(r.text) < 50 and r.text[-1] != '，':content.append(r.text + 'label')else:content.append(para.text)return contentdef get_title(ls):title = []for i in ls:i = re.sub('\s', '', i)if len(i) == 0:continueelse:if i[:1] in one_characters or i[:2] in two_characters or i[:3] in three_characters or i[:4] in four_characters or i[:5] in five_characters or i[:-5] == 'label':title.append(i)return titledef get_second_title(ls):label = ['<first>', '<second>', '<third>', '<fourth>', '<fifth>']mark = []number = []for i in ls:if i[1] == '年' and i[3] != '，':continueelif str(i[:4]) in year:continueelif i[:2] == '一九' or i[:2] == '二零':continueelif i[:2] in first_title or i[:3] in first_title1 or i[:4] in first_title2:if '。' in i:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[0])else:garde.append(i + label[0])mark = []else:if i[0] in interfere:mark.append('一')elif i[:1].isdecimal() == True:mark.append('壹')elif i[:2].isdecimal() == True:mark.append('壹')elif i[:1] in spell:mark.append('A')elif i[:1] in spell1:mark.append('①')else:mark.append((i[:1]))result = []s = len(set(mark))if s == 1:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[1])elif s == 2:ls1 = two_word(mark, result)if i[:1] == ls1[0]:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[1])else:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[2])elif s == 3:ls1 = two_word(mark, result)if i[:1] == ls1[0]:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[1])elif i[:1] == ls1[1]:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[2])else:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[3])elif s == 4:ls1 = two_word(mark, result)if i[:1] == ls1[0]:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[1])elif i[:1] == ls1[1]:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[2])elif i[:1] == ls1[2]:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[3])else:garde.append(i.split('。')[0] + label[4])else:passdef two_word(ls, ls1):for j in ls:if j not in ls1:ls1.append(j)return ls1def three_word(ls, ls1):for j in ls:if j not in ls1:ls1.append(j)return ls1def four_word(ls, ls1):for j in ls:if j not in ls1:ls1.append(j)return ls1def creat_role():basic = ['一', '二', '三', '四', '五', '六', '七', '八', '九', '十']'''添加中文序号'''for chin in basic:one_characters.append(chin)interfere.append(chin)first_title.append(chin + '、')three_characters.append(f'({chin})')three_characters.append(f'（{chin}）')for chin1 in basic[:-1]:two_characters.append(basic[-1] + chin1)first_title1.append(basic[-1] + chin1 + '、')four_characters.append(f'({basic[-1]}{chin1})')four_characters.append(f'（{basic[-1]}{chin1}）')for chin2 in basic[1:-1]:two_characters.append(chin2 + basic[-1])first_title1.append(chin2 + basic[-1] + '、')four_characters.append(f'（{chin2}{basic[-1]}）')for chin3 in basic[1:-1]:for chin4 in basic[:-1]:three_characters.append(chin3 + '十' + chin4)first_title2.append(chin3 + '十' + chin4 + '、')five_characters.append(f'({chin3}十{chin4})')five_characters.append(f'（{chin3}十{chin4}）')'''添加数字序号'''for num in range(1, 10):one_characters.append(str(num))three_characters.append(f'（{str(num)}）')three_characters.append((f'({str(num)})'))number1.append(num)for num in range(10, 100):two_characters.append(str(num))four_characters.append(f'({str(num)})')four_characters.append(f'（{str(num)}）')number2.append(num)'''添加英文序号'''for letter in range(97, 123):one_characters.append(chr(letter))three_characters.append(f'({chr(letter)})')three_characters.append(f'（{chr(letter)}）')spell.append(chr(letter))for letter1 in range(65, 91):one_characters.append(chr(letter1))three_characters.append(f'({chr(letter1)})')three_characters.append(f'（{chr(letter1)}）')spell.append(chr(letter1))'''添加年份'''for i in range(1951, 2101):year.append(str(i))if __name__ == '__main__':main()

代码解析

初始化判断依据：我们定义了许多列表来存储不同类型的序号和干扰字符，如one_characters、two_characters等。这些列表用于后续判断哪些是标题。
读取文档内容：read_data函数用于读取Word文档的内容，并将加粗的文本标记为标题候选。
提取标题：get_title函数根据一定规则从读取的内容中提取出可能的标题。
分类标题：get_second_title函数进一步细分标题的层级，并添加相应的标签（如<first>、<second>等）。
创建角色：create_rolecreate函数初始化标题判断依据，包括中文、数字、英文序号等。
去重：OrderedDict函数将重复添加的标题去掉。