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RabbitMQ实践——搭建单人聊天服务

news 2025/6/29 6:12:54

大纲

创建Core交换器
用户登录
发起聊天邀请
接受邀请
聊天
实验过程
总结
代码工程

经过之前的若干节的学习，我们基本掌握了Rabbitmq各个组件和功能。本文我们将使用之前的知识搭建一个简单的单人聊天服务。
基本结构如下。为了避免Server有太多连线导致杂乱，下图将Server画成两个模块，实则是一个服务。
在这里插入图片描述
该服务由两个核心交换器构成。
Core交换器是服务启动时创建的，它主要是为了向不同用户传递“系统通知型”消息。比如Jerry向Tom发起聊天邀请，则是通过上面黑色字体6-10的流程发给了Core交换器。然后Core交换器将该条消息告知Tom。
Fanout交换器是用来消息传递的。Jerry和Tom都向其发送消息，然后路由到两个队列。它们两各自订阅一个队列，就可以看到彼此的聊天内容了。

创建Core交换器

package com.rabbitmq.chat.service;import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;@Service
public class Core {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;private ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;final String exchangeName = "Core";@PostConstructpublic void init() {connectionFactory = rabbitTemplate.getConnectionFactory();createExchange(exchangeName);}private void createExchange(String exchangeName) {rabbitTemplate.execute(channel -> {channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", false, true, null);return null;});}

用户登录

用户登录后，我们会创建一个“系统通知”队列。然后用户就会通过长连接形式，持续等待系统发出通知。

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();final private Map<String, SimpleMessageListenerContainer> listeners = new java.util.HashMap<>();public Flux<String> Login(String username) {createExclusiveQueue(username);createBanding(exchangeName, username, username);return Flux.create(emitter -> {SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = getListener(username, (Message message) -> {String msg = new String(message.getBody());System.out.println("Received message: " + msg);emitter.next(msg);});container.start();});}private void createExchange(String exchangeName) {rabbitTemplate.execute(channel -> {channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", false, true, null);return null;});}private void createBanding(String exchangeName, String queueName, String routingKey) {rabbitTemplate.execute(channel -> {channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);return null;});}private SimpleMessageListenerContainer getListener(String queueName, MessageListener messageListener) {lock.lock();try {SimpleMessageListenerContainer listener = listeners.get(queueName);if (listener == null && messageListener != null) {listener = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();listener.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);listener.setQueueNames(queueName);listener.setMessageListener(messageListener);listeners.put(queueName, listener);}return listener;} finally {lock.unlock();}}

Controller如下

package com.rabbitmq.chat.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.rabbitmq.chat.service.Core;import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate Core core;@PostMapping(value = "/login", produces = "text/event-stream")public Flux<String> login(@RequestParam String username) {return core.Login(username);}
}

发起聊天邀请

发起聊天邀请时，系统会预先创建一个聊天室（ChatRoomInfo ）。它包含上图中Fanout交换器、以及聊天双方需要订阅的消息队列。
这些创建完后，发起方就会等待对方发送的消息，也可以自己和自己聊天。因为消息队列已经创建好了，只是对方还没使用。

package com.rabbitmq.chat.service;import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
import lombok.Data;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;@Service
public class ChatRoom {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;private ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;@Dataprivate class ChatRoomInfo {private String exchange;private Map<String, String> usernameToQueuename;}private final Map<String, ChatRoomInfo> chatRooms = new java.util.HashMap<>();private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();   @PostConstructpublic void init() {connectionFactory = rabbitTemplate.getConnectionFactory();}public Flux<String> invite(String fromUsername, String toUsername) {String chatRoomName = getChatRoomName(fromUsername, toUsername);ChatRoomInfo chatRoomInfo = chatRooms.get(chatRoomName);if (chatRoomInfo == null) {createChatRoom(fromUsername, toUsername);}return talk(chatRoomName, fromUsername);}private void createChatRoom(String fromUsername, String toUsername) {String chatRoomName = getChatRoomName(fromUsername, toUsername);String exchangeName = chatRoomName;String fromQueueName = "queue-" + fromUsername + "-" + toUsername;String toQueueName = "queue-" + toUsername + "-" + fromUsername;rabbitTemplate.execute(action -> {action.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "fanout", false, true, null);action.queueDeclare(fromQueueName, false, true, false, null);action.queueDeclare(toQueueName, false, true, false, null);action.queueBind(fromQueueName, exchangeName, "");action.queueBind(toQueueName, exchangeName, "");return null;});lock.lock();try {ChatRoomInfo chatRoomInfo = new ChatRoomInfo();chatRoomInfo.setExchange(exchangeName);chatRoomInfo.setUsernameToQueuename(Map.of(fromUsername, fromQueueName, toUsername, toQueueName));chatRooms.put(chatRoomName, chatRoomInfo);} finally {lock.unlock();}}

接受邀请

被邀请方通过Core交换器得知有人要和它聊天。
然后接受邀请的请求会寻找聊天室信息，然后订阅聊天记录队列。

    public Flux<String> accept(String fromUsername, String toUsername) {String chatRoomName = getChatRoomName(fromUsername, toUsername);return talk(chatRoomName, toUsername);}private Flux<String> talk(String chatRoomName, String username) {ChatRoomInfo chatRoomInfo = chatRooms.get(chatRoomName);if (chatRoomInfo == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Chat room not found");}String queueName = chatRoomInfo.getUsernameToQueuename().get(username);return Flux.create(emitter -> {SimpleMessageListenerContainer listener = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();listener.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);listener.setQueueNames(queueName);listener.setMessageListener((Message message) -> {String msg = new String(message.getBody());System.out.println(username + " received message: " + msg);emitter.next(msg);});listener.start();});}

聊天

聊天的逻辑就是找到聊天室信息，然后向交换器发送消息。

    public void chat(String fromUsername, String toUsername, String message) {String chatRoomName = getChatRoomName(fromUsername, toUsername);ChatRoomInfo chatRoomInfo = chatRooms.get(chatRoomName);if (chatRoomInfo == null) {chatRoomName = getChatRoomName(toUsername, fromUsername);chatRoomInfo = chatRooms.get(chatRoomName);}if (chatRoomInfo == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Chat room not found");}rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(chatRoomInfo.getExchange(), "", fromUsername + ": " + message);}private String getChatRoomName(String fromUsername, String toUsername) {return fromUsername + "-" + toUsername + "-chat-room";}

Controller侧代码

package com.rabbitmq.chat.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.rabbitmq.chat.service.ChatRoom;
import com.rabbitmq.chat.service.Core;import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/chat")
public class ChatController {@Autowiredprivate Core core;@Autowiredprivate ChatRoom chatRoom;@PutMapping(value = "/invite", produces = "text/event-stream")public Flux<String> invite(@RequestParam String fromUsername, @RequestParam String toUsername) {core.invite(fromUsername, toUsername);return chatRoom.invite(fromUsername, toUsername);}@PutMapping(value = "/accept", produces = "text/event-stream")public Flux<String> accept(@RequestParam String fromUsername, @RequestParam String toUsername) {core.accept(fromUsername, toUsername);return chatRoom.accept(fromUsername, toUsername);}@PostMapping("/send")public void send(@RequestParam String fromUsername, @RequestParam String toUsername, @RequestParam String message) {chatRoom.chat(fromUsername, toUsername, message);}
}

实验过程

在Postman中，我们先让tom登录，然后jerry登录。
在这里插入图片描述

在后台，我们看到创建两个队列

以及Core交换器的绑定关系也被更新

Jerry向Tom发起聊天邀请

可以看到Tom收到了邀请

同时新增了两个队列

以及一个交换器

Tom通过下面请求接受邀请

Jerry收到Tom接受了邀请的通知
在这里插入图片描述
后面它们就可以聊天了

它们的聊天窗口都收到了消息