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RabbitMQ 学习笔记

news 2025/7/5 23:35:10

RabbitMQ学习笔记

 

一些概念

Broker ：RabbitMQ服务。

virtual host： 其实就是分组。

Connection：连接，生产者消费者与Broker之间的TCP连接。

Channel：网络信道，轻量级的Connection，使用Channel可以减少Connection的建立，减少开销。

Message：消息，由 Properties和 Body组成，Properties可以对消息的优先级、延迟等特性进行记录，Body存储消息体的内容。

Exchange：交换机，没有消息存储功能，负责分发消息。

Binding：Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接，其中可以包含Routing Key。

Routing Key：路由规则，用于确定如何分发、接收消息。

Queue：消息队列，保存消息并将其转发给消费者进行消费。

安装

Windows安装

安装erLang语言

进入官网

image-20220723085850289

 

 

下载完之后一直下一步安装即可，安装完成后进入目录，配置环境变量

image-20220723092150573

image-20220723092301127

安装RabbitMQ服务端

Release RabbitMQ 3.7.3 · rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server (github.com)

image-20220723091828280

一直下一步安装即可

安装完成后打开安装目录，进入到这个文件夹打开命令行

image-20220723093324568

输入命令安装插件

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

完成后双击rabbitmq-server.bat

打开http://localhost:15672/

用户名密码是guest/guest

image-20220723093515104

image-20220723093550183

Linux下使用 Docker 安装

直接拉取最新版

docker pull rabbitmq

运行容器

docker run -d --name rabbitmq -p 5671:5671 -p 5672:5672 -p 4369:4369 -p 25672:25672 -p 15671:15671 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:management

进入容器

docker exec -it rabbitmq /bin/bash

开启管理插件

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

image-20220723103556298

打开管理网站 http://localhost:15672/

4369, 25672 (Erlang发现&集群端口)

5672, 5671 (AMQP端口)

15672 (web管理后台端口)

61613, 61614 (STOMP协议端口)

1883, 8883 (MQTT协议端口)

用户名密码均为 guest

image-20220723103a414689

实操

官网例子

简单模式

11111

配置文件 application-easy.yml ：

spring:rabbitmq:host: 123.123.123.123port: 5672username: Gettlerpassword: ********virtual-host: /queue: easy-queue

生产者：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.easy;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("easy")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ProducerTest {// 队列名称@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.queue}")public String QUEUE_NAME;private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProducerTest.class);@Testpublic void testProducer() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();/*创建一个队列1.队列名称2.队列里面的消息是否持久化(默认为false,代表消息存储在内存中)3.该队列是否只供一个消费者进行消费,是否进行共享(true表示可以多个消费者消费)4.表示最后一个消费者断开连接以后,该队列是否自动删除(true表示自动删除)5.其他参数*/channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);String message = "hello, this is an easy message";/*发送一个消息1.发送到那个交换机(空代表默认交换机)2.路由key3.其他的参数信息4.发送消息的消息体*/channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());logger.info("消息发送完毕");}
}

消费者：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.easy;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("easy")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerTest {// 队列名称@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.queue}")public String QUEUE_NAME;private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerTest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumer() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 消费消息的回调DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("消费消息成功,消息内容为:" + new String(message.getBody()));};// 取消消费的回调CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};/*消费者消费消息1.消费的队列名称2.消费成功之后是否要自动应答(true代表自动应答,false代表手动应答)3.消费者消费消息的回调(函数式接口)4.消费者取消消费的回调(函数式接口)*/channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

image-20240620161232526

工作模式

在这里插入图片描述

配置文件 application-work.yml ：

spring:rabbitmq:host: 123.123.123.123port: 5672username: Gettlerpassword: ********virtual-host: /queue: work-queue

生产者：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.work;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.util.Scanner;@ActiveProfiles("work")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ProducerTest {// 队列名称@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.queue}")public String QUEUE_NAME;private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProducerTest.class);@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")private String host;@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")private String username;@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")private String password;@Testpublic void testProducer() throws Exception {System.out.println(this.host);// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("fanout", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);/*创建一个队列1.队列名称2.队列里面的消息是否持久化(默认为false,代表消息存储在内存中)3.该队列是否只供一个消费者进行消费,是否进行共享(true表示可以多个消费者消费)4.表示最后一个消费者断开连接以后,该队列是否自动删除(true表示自动删除)5.其他参数*/channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);while (scanner.hasNext()) {String message = scanner.next();/*发送一个消息1.发送到那个交换机(空代表默认交换机)2.路由key3.其他的参数信息4.发送消息的消息体*/channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());logger.info("消息发送完毕");}}
}

消费者A：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.work;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("work")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerATest {// 队列名称@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.queue}")public String QUEUE_NAME;private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerATest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumerA() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 消费消息的回调DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("消费消息成功,消息内容为:" + new String(message.getBody()));};// 取消消费的回调CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};/*消费者消费消息1.消费的队列名称2.消费成功之后是否要自动应答(true代表自动应答,false代表手动应答)3.消费者消费消息的回调(函数式接口)4.消费者取消消费的回调(函数式接口)*/channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

消费者B：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.work;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("work")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerBTest {// 队列名称@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.queue}")public String QUEUE_NAME;private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerBTest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumerB() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 消费消息的回调DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("消费消息成功,消息内容为:" + new String(message.getBody()));};// 取消消费的回调CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};/*消费者消费消息1.消费的队列名称2.消费成功之后是否要自动应答(true代表自动应答,false代表手动应答)3.消费者消费消息的回调(函数式接口)4.消费者取消消费的回调(函数式接口)*/channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

image-20240620161656576

路由模式

配置文件 application-direct.yml ：

spring:rabbitmq:host: 123.123.123.123port: 5672username: Gettlerpassword: ********virtual-host: /

生产者：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.direct;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@ActiveProfiles("direct")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ProducerTest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProducerTest.class);@Testpublic void testProducer() throws Exception {// 创建channelConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("direct", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);Map<String, String> messageMap = new HashMap<>();messageMap.put("info", "普通 info 信息");messageMap.put("warning", "警告 warning 信息");messageMap.put("error", "错误 error 信息");messageMap.put("debug", "调试 debug 信息");for (Map.Entry<String, String> mes : messageMap.entrySet()) {String routingKey = mes.getKey();String message = mes.getValue();channel.basicPublish("direct", routingKey, null, message.getBytes());logger.info("消息发送完毕");}}
}

消费者A：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.direct;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("direct")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerATest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerATest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumerA() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 创建channel// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("direct", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);// 声明临时队列channel.queueDeclare("console", false, false, false, null);// 绑定队列与交换机channel.queueBind("console", "direct", "info");channel.queueBind("console", "direct", "warning");// 消费消息DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("获得消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));};CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};channel.basicConsume("console", true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

消费者B：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.direct;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("direct")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerBTest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerBTest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumerB() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("direct", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);// 声明临时队列channel.queueDeclare("disk", false, false, false, null);// 绑定队列与交换机channel.queueBind("disk", "direct", "error");// 消费消息DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("获得消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));};CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};channel.basicConsume("disk", true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

image-20240620161838310

广播模式

配置文件 application-fanout.yml ：

spring:rabbitmq:host: 123.123.123.123port: 5672username: Gettlerpassword: ********virtual-host: /

生产者：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.fanout;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("fanout")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ProducerTest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProducerTest.class);@Testpublic void testProducer() throws Exception {// 创建channelConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("fanout", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);// 发送10条消息for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {String message = i + "";channel.basicPublish("fanout", "", null, message.getBytes());logger.info("消息发送完毕" + message);}}
}

消费者A：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.fanout;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("fanout")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerATest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerATest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumerA() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("fanout", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);// 声明临时队列String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();// 绑定队列与交换机channel.queueBind(queueName, "fanout", "");// 消费消息DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("获得消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));};CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

消费者B：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.fanout;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@ActiveProfiles("fanout")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ConsumerBTest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerBTest.class);@Testpublic void testConsumerB() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("fanout", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);// 声明临时队列String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();// 绑定队列与交换机channel.queueBind(queueName, "fanout", "");// 消费消息DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("获得消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));};CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

image-20240620162526952

主题模式

配置文件 application-topic.yml ：

spring:rabbitmq:host: 123.123.123.123port: 5672username: Gettlerpassword: ********virtual-host: /

生产者：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.topic;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** @author Gettler* @date 2024/06/13*/
@ActiveProfiles("topic")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ProducerTest {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProducerTest.class);@Testpublic void testProducer() throws Exception {// 创建channelConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("topic", BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);Map<String, String> messageMap = new HashMap<>();messageMap.put("class1.DB.exam", "一班数据库考试通知");messageMap.put("class1.OS.exam", "一班操作系统考试通知");messageMap.put("class2.DB.exam", "二班数据库考试通知");messageMap.put("class2.OS.exam", "二班操作系统考试通知");for (Map.Entry<String, String> mes : messageMap.entrySet()) {String routingKey = mes.getKey();String message = mes.getValue();channel.basicPublish("topic", routingKey, null, message.getBytes());logger.info("消息发送完毕");}}
}

消费者A（模拟一班的学生）：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.topic;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;/*** @author Gettler* @date 2024/06/13*/
@ActiveProfiles("topic")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class StudentOfClass1Consumer {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudentOfClass1Consumer.class);@Testpublic void testStudentOfClass1Consumer() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("topic", BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);// 创建Q1队列channel.queueDeclare("student_of_class1", false, false, false, null);// 绑定队列与交换机channel.queueBind("student_of_class1", "topic", "class1.#");// 消费消息DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {logger.info("获得消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));};CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {logger.info("消息消费被中断");};channel.basicConsume("student_of_class1", true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

消费者B（模拟操作系统老师）：

package com.gettler.rabbitmq.topic;import com.gettler.rabbitmq.RabbitmqApplication;
import com.gettler.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMqConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;/*** @author Gettler* @date 2024/06/13*/
@ActiveProfiles("topic")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqApplication.class, webEnvironment =SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class TeacherConsumer {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TeacherConsumer.class);@Testpublic void testTeacherConsumer() throws Exception {// 创建一个connectionConnection connection = RabbitMqConnectionFactory.getSingleInstanceConnection();// 创建一个channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare("topic", BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);// 创建Q1队列channel.queueDeclare("teacher_of_OS", false, false, false, null);// 绑定队列与交换机channel.queueBind("teacher_of_OS", "topic", "#.OS.#");// 消费消息DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {System.out.println("获得消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));};CancelCallback cancelCallback = (consumerTag) -> {System.out.println("消息消费被中断");};channel.basicConsume("teacher_of_OS", true, deliverCallback, cancelCallback);}
}

image-20240620162754734

谷粒商城 RabbitMQ 学习笔记

新建Maven项目

添加依赖

<dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.0.0</version>
</dependency>

编写发送端

package org.example;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;  
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;  
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;  public class Send  
{  //队列名称  private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "helloMQ";  public static void main(String[] argv) throws java.io.IOException, TimeoutException  {  /** * 创建连接连接到MabbitMQ */  ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();  //设置MabbitMQ所在主机ip或者主机名  factory.setHost("localhost");  //创建一个连接  Connection connection = factory.newConnection();  //创建一个频道  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  //指定一个队列  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  //发送的消息  String message = "hello world!";  //往队列中发出一条消息  channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());  System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");  //关闭频道和连接  channel.close();  connection.close();  }  
}

编写接收端

package org.example;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;public class Recv {// 队列名称private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "helloMQ";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {// 打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.setHost("localhost");Connection connection = factory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列，主要为了防止消息接收者先运行此程序，队列还不存在时创建队列。channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");//创建消费者Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,byte[] body) throws IOException {String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");}};channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);}
}

运行接收端

image-20220723101156639

运行发送端，每运行一次发送一次消息

image-20220723101246973

管理网站上有接收端的连接（发送端发送后便断开连接了）

image-20220723101256826

添加依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
编写配置文件
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.3.200
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
创建Exchange
public void createExchange() {DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange("hello-java-exchange", true, false);amqpAdmin.declareExchange(directExchange);
}
创建Queue
public void createQueue() {Queue queue = new Queue("hello-java-queue", true, false, false);amqpAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
}
连接Queue和Exchange
public void createBinding() {Binding binding = new Binding("hello-java-queue", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "hello-java-exchange", "hello.java", null);amqpAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
}
发送消息
public void sendMessage() {String msg = "hello world";List<String> s = new ArrayList<>();s.add(msg);s.add("List");rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello-java-exchange", "hello.java", s, new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
}
接收消息

想要接受对象消息，需使用JSON序列化机制，进行消息转换

编写MyRabbitConfig配置类

@Configuration
public class MyRabbitConfig {@AutowiredRabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;/*** 使用JSON序列化机制，进行消息转换* @return*/@Beanpublic MessageConverter messageConverter() {return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();}
}

使用RabbitListener注解监听队列，该注解参数可以是Object content, Message message, Channel channel。

@RabbitListener(queues = {"hello-java-queue"})
public void receiveMessage(Object message) {System.out.println("接受到消息内容：" + message);
}
可靠抵达

编写配置文件

# 开启发送端确认
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
# 开启发送端消息抵达队列的确认
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
# 抵达队列后以异步发送优先回调抵达队列后的回调returnconfirm
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
# 手动ack消息
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual

将MyRabbitConfig修改为

@Configuration
public class MyRabbitConfig {@AutowiredRabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;/*** 使用JSON序列化机制，进行消息转换** @return*/@Beanpublic MessageConverter messageConverter() {return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();}@PostConstruct // MyRabbitConfig对象创建完成后执行该方法public void initRabbitTemplate() {rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {/*** 消息抵达节点的话ack就为true* @param correlationData   当前消息的唯一关联数据（消息唯一ID）* @param ack 消息是否成功收到* @param cause 失败原因*/@Overridepublic void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {System.out.println("confirming...correlationData{" + correlationData + "}，ack{" + ack + "},cause{" + cause + "}");}});rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {/*** 没抵达队列，触发这个失败回调函数* @param message* @param replyCode* @param replyText* @param exchange* @param routingKey*/@Overridepublic void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {System.out.println("Unreachable...message{" + message + "}，replyCode{" + replyText + "}，exchange{" + exchange + "}，routingKey{" + routingKey + "}");}});}
}

监听队列方法修改为

@RabbitListener(queues = {"hello-java-queue"})
public void receiveMessage(Message message, List list, Channel channel) throws IOException {System.out.println("接受到消息内容：" + list);// channel内按顺序递增long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();System.out.println(deliveryTag);// 签收try {channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); // 是否批量签收} catch (Exception e) {// 网络中断// b1 = false 丢弃， b1 = true 发回服务器，服务器重新入队。channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, false, false);}
}
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