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springboot 3.x 之集成rabbitmq实现动态发送消息给不同的队列

news 2025/7/13 2:18:09

背景

实际项目中遇到针对不同类型的消息，发送消息到不同的队列，而且队列可能还不存在，需要动态创建，于是写了如下代码，实践发现没啥问题，这里分享下。

环境

springboot 3.2
JDK 17

rabbitMQ模型介绍

在这里插入图片描述
图片来自参考链接表中的一篇介绍

注意，下面例子用到的是Direct模型

依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置

spring.rabbitmq.host=xxx
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=xxx
spring.rabbitmq.password=xxx
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
#开启发布确认回调
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.max-attempts=3
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.initial-interval=10000ms

关键代码

    @Resourceprivate ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;//这里指定一个exchange，之后会根据routeKey动态绑定不同的队列@Value("${rabbitmq.msgExchangeName:MsgExchange}")private String registerExchangeName;@Testvoid contextLoads() {}@Testvoid testMQ(){try (Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel(false)) {String msgType = "bus_error";// Declare an exchangeString exchangeName = registerExchangeName;channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);// Generate a unique queue nameString queueName = "msg_" + msgType;channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);// Define the routing keychannel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, msgType);// Send a message to the exchangeString message = "Hello, RabbitMQ!";channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, msgType, null, message.getBytes());} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}