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Linux shell编程学习笔记57：lshw命令获取cpu设备信息

news 2025/7/25 20:05:30

0 前言

在Linux中，获取cpu信息的命令很多，除了我们已经研究的 cat /proc/cpuinfo、lscpu、nproc、hwinfo --cpu 命令，还有 lshw命令。

1 lshw命令的功能

lshw命令源自英文list hardware，即列出系统的硬件信息，这些硬件包括cpu、内存、硬盘、pci设备等等。今天我们主要是使用 lshw命令查询cpu信息。

[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]lshw --help
Hardware Lister (lshw) - B.02.17
usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...]lshw -version-version        print program version (B.02.17)format can be-html           output hardware tree as HTML-xml            output hardware tree as XML-short          output hardware paths-businfo        output bus informationoptions can be-class CLASS    only show a certain class of hardware-C CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'-c CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'-disable TEST   disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )-enable TEST    enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )-quiet          don't display status-sanitize       sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.)-numeric        output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.)[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]

2 使用lshw命令查询cpu信息

2.1 lshw -C cpu：查询cpu信息

[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]lshw -C cpu
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.*-cpu:0                 physical id: 7bus info: cpu@0size: 2600MHzcapacity: 2600MHzcapabilities: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 cpufreq*-cpu:1physical id: 8bus info: cpu@1size: 2600MHzcapacity: 2600MHzcapabilities: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 cpufreq*-cpu:2physical id: 9bus info: cpu@2size: 2600MHzcapacity: 2600MHzcapabilities: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 cpufreq*-cpu:3physical id: abus info: cpu@3size: 2600MHzcapacity: 2600MHzcapabilities: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 cpufreq
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]

这是关于某个 CPU 的信息。具体含义如下：

序号	信息	含义
1	-cpu:0	CPU编号：表示这是第一个 CPU
2	physical id: 7	物理 ID是 7
3	bus info: cpu@0	总线信息
4	size: 2600MHz	尺寸是 2600MHz，即主频为 2.6GHz
5	capacity: 2600MHz	容量也是 2600MHz，即主频为 2.6GHz
6	capabilities: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 cpufreq	功能：包括 fp（浮点运算）、asimd（SIMD指令集）、evtstrm（事件跟踪）、aes（AES加密指令集）、pmull（多项式乘法）、sha1（SHA-1散列函数加速）、sha2（SHA-2散列函数加速）、crc32（CRC32校验）、cpufreq（CPU频率调节）

2.2 lshw -C cpu -short：查询和显示简短cpu信息

[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]lshw -C cpu -short
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
H/W path    Device      Class      Description
==============================================
/0/7                    processor  
/0/8                    processor  
/0/9                    processor  
/0/a                    processor  
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]

2.3 lshw -C cpu -short：查询并以xml格式显示cpu信息

[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]lshw -C cpu -xml
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes" ?>
<!-- generated by lshw-B.02.17 -->
<!-- GCC 5.4.0 20160609 -->
<!-- Linux 4.4.131-20200710.kylin.desktop-generic #kylin SMP Fri Jul 10 13:46:24 CST 2020 aarch64 -->
<!-- GNU libc 2 (glibc 2.23) -->
<!-- WARNING: not running as root -->
<list><node id="cpu:0" claimed="true" class="processor" handle=""><physid>7</physid><businfo>cpu@0</businfo><size units="Hz">2600000000</size><capacity units="Hz">2600000000</capacity><capabilities><capability id="fp" >Floating point instructions</capability><capability id="asimd" >Advanced SIMD</capability><capability id="evtstrm" >Event stream</capability><capability id="aes" >AES instructions</capability><capability id="pmull" >PMULL instruction</capability><capability id="sha1" >SHA1 instructions</capability><capability id="sha2" >SHA2 instructions</capability><capability id="crc32" >CRC extension</capability><capability id="cpufreq" >CPU Frequency scaling</capability></capabilities></node><node id="cpu:1" claimed="true" class="processor" handle=""><physid>8</physid><businfo>cpu@1</businfo><size units="Hz">2600000000</size><capacity units="Hz">2600000000</capacity><capabilities><capability id="fp" >Floating point instructions</capability><capability id="asimd" >Advanced SIMD</capability><capability id="evtstrm" >Event stream</capability><capability id="aes" >AES instructions</capability><capability id="pmull" >PMULL instruction</capability><capability id="sha1" >SHA1 instructions</capability><capability id="sha2" >SHA2 instructions</capability><capability id="crc32" >CRC extension</capability><capability id="cpufreq" >CPU Frequency scaling</capability></capabilities></node><node id="cpu:2" claimed="true" class="processor" handle=""><physid>9</physid><businfo>cpu@2</businfo><size units="Hz">2600000000</size><capacity units="Hz">2600000000</capacity><capabilities><capability id="fp" >Floating point instructions</capability><capability id="asimd" >Advanced SIMD</capability><capability id="evtstrm" >Event stream</capability><capability id="aes" >AES instructions</capability><capability id="pmull" >PMULL instruction</capability><capability id="sha1" >SHA1 instructions</capability><capability id="sha2" >SHA2 instructions</capability><capability id="crc32" >CRC extension</capability><capability id="cpufreq" >CPU Frequency scaling</capability></capabilities></node><node id="cpu:3" claimed="true" class="processor" handle=""><physid>a</physid><businfo>cpu@3</businfo><size units="Hz">2600000000</size><capacity units="Hz">2600000000</capacity><capabilities><capability id="fp" >Floating point instructions</capability><capability id="asimd" >Advanced SIMD</capability><capability id="evtstrm" >Event stream</capability><capability id="aes" >AES instructions</capability><capability id="pmull" >PMULL instruction</capability><capability id="sha1" >SHA1 instructions</capability><capability id="sha2" >SHA2 instructions</capability><capability id="crc32" >CRC extension</capability><capability id="cpufreq" >CPU Frequency scaling</capability></capabilities></node>
</list>
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]

2.4 lshw -C cpu -html：查询并以htm格式显示cpu信息

[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]lshw -C cpu -html
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator"  content="lshw-B.02.17" />
<style type="text/css">.first {font-weight: bold; margin-left: none; padding-right: 1em;vertical-align: top; }.second {padding-left: 1em; width: 100%; vertical-align: center; }.id {font-family: monospace;}.indented {margin-left: 2em; border-left: dotted thin #dde; padding-bottom: 1em; }.node {border: solid thin #ffcc66; padding: 1em; background: #ffffcc; }.node-unclaimed {border: dotted thin #c3c3c3; padding: 1em; background: #fafafa; color: red; }.node-disabled {border: solid thin #f55; padding: 1em; background: #fee; color: gray; }
</style>
<title>gxxc-ce3000f</title>
</head>
<body>
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<div class="indented"><div class="indented"><table width="100%" class="node" summary="attributes of cpu:0"><thead><tr><td class="first">id:</td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu:0</div></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="first">physical id: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">7</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">bus info: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu@0</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">size: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capacity: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capabilities: </td><td class="second"><dfn title="Floating point instructions">fp</dfn> <dfn title="Advanced SIMD">asimd</dfn> <dfn title="Event stream">evtstrm</dfn> <dfn title="AES instructions">aes</dfn> <dfn title="PMULL instruction">pmull</dfn> <dfn title="SHA1 instructions">sha1</dfn> <dfn title="SHA2 instructions">sha2</dfn> <dfn title="CRC extension">crc32</dfn> <dfn title="CPU Frequency scaling">cpufreq</dfn> </td></tr></tbody>    </table></div></div>
<div class="indented"><div class="indented"><table width="100%" class="node" summary="attributes of cpu:1"><thead><tr><td class="first">id:</td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu:1</div></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="first">physical id: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">8</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">bus info: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu@1</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">size: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capacity: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capabilities: </td><td class="second"><dfn title="Floating point instructions">fp</dfn> <dfn title="Advanced SIMD">asimd</dfn> <dfn title="Event stream">evtstrm</dfn> <dfn title="AES instructions">aes</dfn> <dfn title="PMULL instruction">pmull</dfn> <dfn title="SHA1 instructions">sha1</dfn> <dfn title="SHA2 instructions">sha2</dfn> <dfn title="CRC extension">crc32</dfn> <dfn title="CPU Frequency scaling">cpufreq</dfn> </td></tr></tbody>    </table></div></div>
<div class="indented"><div class="indented"><table width="100%" class="node" summary="attributes of cpu:2"><thead><tr><td class="first">id:</td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu:2</div></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="first">physical id: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">9</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">bus info: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu@2</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">size: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capacity: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capabilities: </td><td class="second"><dfn title="Floating point instructions">fp</dfn> <dfn title="Advanced SIMD">asimd</dfn> <dfn title="Event stream">evtstrm</dfn> <dfn title="AES instructions">aes</dfn> <dfn title="PMULL instruction">pmull</dfn> <dfn title="SHA1 instructions">sha1</dfn> <dfn title="SHA2 instructions">sha2</dfn> <dfn title="CRC extension">crc32</dfn> <dfn title="CPU Frequency scaling">cpufreq</dfn> </td></tr></tbody>    </table></div></div>
<div class="indented"><div class="indented"><table width="100%" class="node" summary="attributes of cpu:3"><thead><tr><td class="first">id:</td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu:3</div></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="first">physical id: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">a</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">bus info: </td><td class="second"><div class="id">cpu@3</div></td></tr><tr><td class="first">size: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capacity: </td><td class="second">2600MHz</td></tr><tr><td class="first">capabilities: </td><td class="second"><dfn title="Floating point instructions">fp</dfn> <dfn title="Advanced SIMD">asimd</dfn> <dfn title="Event stream">evtstrm</dfn> <dfn title="AES instructions">aes</dfn> <dfn title="PMULL instruction">pmull</dfn> <dfn title="SHA1 instructions">sha1</dfn> <dfn title="SHA2 instructions">sha2</dfn> <dfn title="CRC extension">crc32</dfn> <dfn title="CPU Frequency scaling">cpufreq</dfn> </td></tr></tbody>    </table></div></div>
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WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
[purpleendurer @ bash ~ ]