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分享一个 ASP.NET Web Api 上传和读取 Excel的方案

news 2025/7/5 15:17:31

前言

许多业务场景下需要处理和分析大量的数据，而 Excel 是业务人员常用的数据表格工具，因此，将 Excel 表格中内容上传并读取到网站，是一个很常见的功能，目前有许多成熟的开源或者商业的第三方库，比如 NPOI，EPPlus，Spire.Office for .NET 等等，今天分享一个使用 Magicodes.IE.Excel 上传和读取 Excel的方案，这是近年来一个比较受欢迎的开源的第三方库，下面我们用一个 Step By Step 例子来感受它的魅力。

Step By Step 步骤

安装 nuget 包

Magicodes.IE.Excel
Magicodes.IE.Core

创建一个 DTO 类

using Magicodes.ExporterAndImporter.Core;namespace ExcelSample.BusinessEntities.Dtos
{public partial class ImportDto{/// <summary>/// ID/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name ="ID")]public string ItemGuid { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 巡检编号/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "巡检编号")]public string InspectionNumber { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 详细地址/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "详细位置")]public string FormattedAddress { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 开始日期/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "开始日期")]public string BeginDate { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 截止日期/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "结束日期")]public string EndDate { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 故障描述/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "故障描述")]public string FaultInfo { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 单位名称/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "单位")]public string CustomerName { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 维修说明/// </summary>[ImporterHeader(Name = "维修说明")]public string HandleMeasuresOther { get; set; }}
}

写公共读取 Export 文件内容方法

using Magicodes.ExporterAndImporter.Core;
using Magicodes.ExporterAndImporter.Core.Extension;
using Magicodes.ExporterAndImporter.Core.Models;
using Magicodes.ExporterAndImporter.Excel;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ExcelSample.Common
{/// <summary>/// excel 工具类/// </summary>public static class ExportHelper{/// <summary>/// 通用导入 excel 文件/// </summary>/// <param name="filePath">Excel 文件路径</param>public static async Task<ImportResult<T>> ImportExcel<T>(string filePath) where T : class, new(){IImporter importer = new ExcelImporter();var result = await importer.Import<T>(filePath);return result;}}
}

写上传 Excel 文件的业务方法

public string UploadFile()
{HttpFileCollection files = HttpContext.Current.Request.Files;if (files == null || files.Count == 0){throw new Exception("没有上传文件");}HttpPostedFile file = files[0];string fileExt = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName);if (fileExt != ".xlsx" && fileExt != ".xls"){throw new Exception("不是Excel文件");}string dir = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "ExcelImport");if (!Directory.Exists(dir)){Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);}string fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(file.FileName);string fileSaveName = string.Format("{0}{1}.xlsx", fileName, DateTime.Now.ToFlowWaterDate()); string fileSavePath = Path.Combine(dir, fileSaveName);_logger.Value.Info($"上传文件：[{fileSavePath}]");file.SaveAs(fileSavePath);return fileSavePath;
}

写具体的读取 Excel 文件内容的业务方法

public List<ImportDto> ReadExcel(string filePath)
{var importData = ExportHelper.ImportExcel<ImportDto>(filePath).Result;var list = importData.Data.ToList();if (list.HasData()){return list;}return null;
}

在控制器中写 API 向外提供上传和读取 Excel 的接口

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web.Http;
using ExcelSample.Contracts.IService;
using ExcelSample.BusinessEntities.Dtos;
namespace ExcelSample.WebAPI.Controllers.V1
{[Authorize][RoutePrefix("api/v1/excelSample")]public partial class ExcelSampleController : BaseController{// ......[HttpPost][Route("uploadExcel")]public IHttpActionResult UploadExcel(){// 1. 上传文件string fileUpload = "";try{fileUpload = UploadFile();}catch (Exception ex){_log.Value.Error(ex, "上传文件失败！");return BadRequest(ex.Message);}// 2. 读取数据var list = ReadExcel(fileUpload);if (list== null || list.Count == 0){return BadRequest("文件没有数据或者数据格式不正确！");}// 3. 更新数据// 存储数据到数据库中return Ok(Success(result));}// ......}
}