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基于51单片机的步进电机调速系统设计

news 2025/8/21 23:19:17

基于51单片机的步进电机调速系统

（仿真＋程序＋原理图＋设计报告）

功能介绍

具体功能：

1.按键可以控制电机正、反转，加、减速，停止；

2.一位7段数码管实时显示档位（共9档）；

3.两个LED分别来表示正转、反转；

4.四个LED流水闪烁来表示电机转速；

演示视频：

基于51单片机的步进电机调速系统设计

#include "reg52.h"
/*
按键控制步进电机：正转、反转、加1档、减1档、停止
数码管显示步进电机档位，总共有9档
LED灯显示正转、反转、转速
*//*宏定义*/
#define SpeedShow P0   		//数码管显示接口
#define MotorDriver P2   	//步进电机驱动接口typedef unsigned char uchar;      // 8位有符号整数
typedef unsigned int 	uint;       //16位有符号整数
typedef unsigned long ulong;      //32位有符号整数#define KEY_TIME_SHORT 	20		//短按的按键去抖动延时的时间
//---加入全局变量--//
extern uchar KeyCode;
extern uint  KeyTimeCnt[5];			//按键去抖动延时计数器,分别对应KEY1/2/3/4/5
extern uchar KeyLock[5];				//按键触发后自锁的变量标志,分别对应KEY1/2/3/4/5//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// 相关函数声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void KeyScan();				//按键扫描函数 放在定时中断里			
void Delay10ms();			//延时函数//0~9 的共阳数码管段码，最后一个是黑屏
const uchar SEG_CODE[] = {0xC0,0xF9,0xA4,0xB0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xF8,0x80,0x90,0xFF};//输出励磁序列的频率参数{TH1,TL1}
const uchar Timer[9][2]={{0xDE,0xE4},{0xE1,0xEC},{0xE5,0xD4},{0xE9,0xBC},  //8.476 ~ 1ms{0xEd,0xA4},{0xF1,0x8C},{0xF5,0x74},{0xF9,0x5C},{0xFC,0x18}};//步进电机正转的励磁序列
const uchar FFW[] = {0x1F,0x3F,0x2F,0x6F,0x4F,0xCF,0x8F,0x9F}; //DCBAXXXX//步进电机反转的励磁序列
const uchar REV[] = {0x9F,0x8F,0xCF,0x4F,0x6F,0x2F,0x3F,0x1F}; //DCBAXXXX//枚举变量--正反转标志
typedef enum{FwdRun, RevRun} RunFlag;								
RunFlag flag1 = FwdRun;uchar speed = 0;uchar KeyCode = 0;						//按键编码值//共5个独立机械按键,通过短按实现5种按键编码值
uint KeyTimeCnt[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};		//按键去抖动延时计数器,分别对应KEY1/2/3/4/5
uchar KeyLock[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};			//按键触发后自锁的变量标志,分别对应KEY1/2/3/4/5/* IO引脚分配*/
sbit KEY1  = P1^2;  //按键1
sbit KEY2  = P1^3;  //按键2
sbit KEY3  = P1^4;  //按键3
sbit KEY4  = P3^5;  //按键4
sbit KEY5  = P3^6;  //按键5sbit FWD_LED = P1^0;  		//正转指示灯
sbit REV_LED = P1^1;  		//反转指示灯//函数声明
void T0_Init();					//定时器0初始化函数声明
void T1_Init();					//定时器1初始化函数声明
void KeyService();			//按键服务函数声明
void delay_ms(uint t);	//毫秒延时函数声明//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// 主程序
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void main()
{	T0_Init();					//定时器0初始化T1_Init();					//定时器1初始化FWD_LED = 0;				//正转指示灯亮，默认初始化是正转delay_ms(500);			//延时500ms，待各个模块上电稳定EA = 1;							//开启中断while(1){	KeyService();		//按键服务程序}
}	//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Timer0 初始化，模式1，允许中断，1ms定时
// Timer0 用于按键扫描
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void T0_Init()
{TMOD &= 0xF0;TMOD |= 0x01;										//T0工作于模式1,16位定时器TH0 = (65536 - 1000) >> 8;			//1ms定时TL0 = (65536 - 1000) & 0xFF;ET0 = 1;												//允许T0中断TR0 = 1;												//启动T0
}//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Timer1 初始化，模式1，允许中断
// Timer1 用于改变步进电机转速
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void T1_Init()
{TMOD &= 0x0F;TMOD |= 0x10;							//定时器1工作于模式1,16位定时器TH1 = Timer[speed][0];TL1 = Timer[speed][1];		//定时器1，定时用于步进电机转速控制ET1 = 1;									//允许T1中断PT1 = 1;									//定时器1优先级高TR1 = 0;									//关闭定时器1
}//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Timer0 中断服务程序
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void InterruptTime0() interrupt 1
{TH0 = (65536 - 1000) >> 8;		//1msTL0 = (65536 - 1000) & 0xFF;KeyScan();										//按键扫描
}//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Timer1 中断服务程序
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void InterruptTime1() interrupt 3
{static step1 = 0;							static step2 = 0;TH1 = Timer[speed - 1][0];			//根据不同的转速档位，给定时器1赋定时器值TL1 = Timer[speed - 1][1];			//按照定时器1的频率循环发送正转励磁序列的脉冲给步进电机，使其不停地转动if(flag1 == FwdRun)//正转{MotorDriver = FFW[step1++];		if(step1 == 8) step1 = 0; }//按照定时器1的频率循环发送反转励磁序列的脉冲给步进电机，使其不停地转动else if(flag1 == RevRun)       {MotorDriver = REV[step2++];if(step2 == 8) step2 = 0; }
}//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// 按键服务程序
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void KeyService()
{switch (KeyCode){case 1:	flag1 = FwdRun;										//正转FWD_LED = 0;	REV_LED = 1;				//正转指示灯亮KeyCode = 0;break;							case 2:	flag1 = RevRun;										//反转FWD_LED = 1;	REV_LED = 0;				//反转指示灯亮KeyCode = 0;break;case 3:	speed++;													//速度加if(speed == 10) speed = 1;				SpeedShow = SEG_CODE[speed];if(TR1 == 0) TR1 = 1;KeyCode = 0;break;case 4:	speed--;													//速度减if(speed == 0 || speed == -1 ) speed = 9;SpeedShow = SEG_CODE[speed];	if(TR1 == 0) TR1 = 1;	KeyCode = 0;break;case 5:	TR1 = 0;													//停止SpeedShow = 0xFF;MotorDriver = 0x00;KeyCode = 0;break;	default: ;}
}