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ClickHouse10-ClickHouse中Kafka表引擎

news 2025/8/26 23:07:09

Kafka表引擎也是一种常见的表引擎，在很多大数据量的场景下，会从源通过Kafka将数据输送到ClickHouse，Kafka作为输送的方式，ClickHouse作为存储引擎与查询引擎，大数据量的数据可以得到快速的、高压缩的存储。
在这里插入图片描述

Kafka大家肯定不陌生：

它可以用于发布和订阅数据流，是常见的队列使用方式
它可以组织容错存储，是常见的容错存储的使用方式
它可以在流可用时对其进行处理，是常见的大数据处理的使用方式

全文概览：

基本语法
从 Kafka 写入到 ClickHouse
从 ClickHouse 写入到 Kafka
- 测试1：queue->ck->queue
- 测试2：ck->queue

基本语法

分为定义表结构和定义Kafka的接入参数，Kafka的接入参数都是常见的字段

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(name1 [type1] [ALIAS expr1],name2 [type2] [ALIAS expr2],...
) ENGINE = Kafka()
SETTINGSkafka_broker_list = 'host:port',kafka_topic_list = 'topic1,topic2,...',kafka_group_name = 'group_name',kafka_format = 'data_format'[,][kafka_schema = '',][kafka_num_consumers = N,][kafka_max_block_size = 0,][kafka_skip_broken_messages = N,][kafka_commit_every_batch = 0,][kafka_client_id = '',][kafka_poll_timeout_ms = 0,][kafka_poll_max_batch_size = 0,][kafka_flush_interval_ms = 0,][kafka_thread_per_consumer = 0,][kafka_handle_error_mode = 'default',][kafka_commit_on_select = false,][kafka_max_rows_per_message = 1];

示例：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_ck_sync1
(`sys_time` Datetime COMMENT '',`num` UInt32 COMMENT ''
)
ENGINE = Kafka
SETTINGS kafka_broker_list = '127.0.0.1:9092', kafka_topic_list = 'test_ck_sync1', kafka_group_name = 'ck_test_ck_sync1', kafka_format = 'CSV', kafka_max_block_size = 200000, kafka_skip_broken_messages = 1000, kafka_row_delimiter = '\n', format_csv_delimiter = '|'

从 Kafka 写入到 ClickHouse

创建topic:

bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test_ck_sync1

创建同步表：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_ck_sync1
(`sys_time` Datetime COMMENT '',`num` UInt32 COMMENT ''
)
ENGINE = Kafka
SETTINGS kafka_broker_list = '127.0.0.1:9092', kafka_topic_list = 'test_ck_sync1', kafka_group_name = 'ck_test_ck_sync1', kafka_format = 'CSV', kafka_max_block_size = 200000, kafka_skip_broken_messages = 1000, kafka_row_delimiter = '\n', format_csv_delimiter = '|'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_ck_sync1_res
(`sys_time` Datetime COMMENT '',`num` UInt32 COMMENT ''
)
ENGINE = MergeTree
PARTITION BY toYYYYMMDD(sys_time)
ORDER BY tuple()

创建物化视图，进行数据样式的转换:

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test_ck_sync1_mv TO test_ck_sync1_res AS
SELECTsys_time,num
FROM test_ck_sync1

通过console写入数据:

[$ kafka_2.13-3.6.1]# bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test_ck_sync1
>2024-01-01 00:00:01|89

验证数据：

$ :) select * from test_ck_sync1_res;SELECT *
FROM test_ck_sync1_resQuery id: a666f893-5be9-4022-9327-3a1507aa5485┌────────────sys_time─┬─num─┐
│ 2024-01-01 00:00:01 │  89 │
└─────────────────────┴─────┘
┌────────────sys_time─┬─num─┐
│ 2024-01-01 00:00:00 │  88 │
└─────────────────────┴─────┘2 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.049 sec.

从 ClickHouse 写入到 Kafka

kafka_writers_reader --(view)--> kafka_writers_queue --->

创建一个队列：

bin/kafka-topics.sh --topic kafka_writers --create -bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1

创建同步表：

CREATE TABLE kafka_writers_reader (     `id` Int,     `platForm` String,     `appname` String,     `time` DateTime ) 
ENGINE = Kafka SETTINGS kafka_broker_list = '127.0.0.1:9092', kafka_topic_list = 'kafka_writers_reader', kafka_group_name = 'kafka_writers_reader_group', kafka_format = 'CSV';CREATE TABLE kafka_writers_queue (     id Int,     platForm String,     appname String,     time DateTime ) 
ENGINE = Kafka SETTINGS kafka_broker_list = '127.0.0.1:9092',        kafka_topic_list = 'kafka_writers',        kafka_group_name = 'kafka_writers_group',        kafka_format = 'CSV',       kafka_max_block_size = 1048576;

测试1：queue->ck->queue

通过写入队列kafka_writers_reader，借助ClickHouse写入队列kafka_writers

bin/kafka-topics.sh --topic kafka_writers_reader --create -bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic kafka_writers_readerbin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic kafka_writers

测试2：ck->queue

通过写入表kafka_writers_reader，写入队列kafka_writers

$ :) INSERT INTO kafka_writers_reader (id, platForm, appname, time) 
VALUES (8,'Data','Test','2020-12-23 14:45:31'), 
(9,'Plan','Test1','2020-12-23 14:47:32'), 
(10,'Plan','Test2','2020-12-23 14:52:15'), 
(11,'Data','Test3','2020-12-23 14:54:39');INSERT INTO kafka_writers_reader (id, platForm, appname, time) FORMAT ValuesQuery id: 223a63ab-97fa-488d-8ea7-c2e194155d26Ok.4 rows in set. Elapsed: 1.054 sec.

[$ kafka_2.13-3.6.1]# bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic kafka_writers
8,"Data","Test","1970-01-01 08:00:00"9,"Plan","Test1","1970-01-01 08:00:00"10,"Plan","Test2","1970-01-01 08:00:00"11,"Data","Test3","1970-01-01 08:00:00"