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flutter 弹窗之系列一

news 2025/7/17 9:27:17

自定义不受Navigator影响的弹窗

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void _dialogController1() {DialogController alert = DialogController.alert(title: "Title",subTitle: "SubTitle",onCancel: () {debugPrint("alert cancel");},run: () async {// 一些耗时操作return true;},);alert.show(context);}void _dialogController2(){DialogController loadingAlert = DialogController.loadingAlert();loadingAlert.showWithTimeout(context, timeout: 10);// await 其他耗时操作loadingAlert.close();}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: Column(mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,children: [GestureDetector(onTap: () {_dialogController1();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),GestureDetector(onTap: () {_dialogController2();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗二\n',),),],)),);}
}class BaseDialog {BaseDialog(this._barrierDismissible, this._alignment);/// 点击背景是否关闭弹窗final bool _barrierDismissible;final AlignmentGeometry _alignment;/// 页面状态，用来做动画判断bool _isCloseState = true;/// 动画时长final _milliseconds = 240;/// 初始化dialog的内容/// [isClose]用来标识动画的状态/// [milliseconds]用来标识动画时长initContentView(Widget Function(BuildContext context, bool isClose, int milliseconds)builder) {_overlayEntry = OverlayEntry(builder: (context) {return Stack(alignment: _alignment,children: <Widget>[// 背景Positioned.fill(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {// 点击背景关闭页面if (_barrierDismissible) close();},child: AnimatedOpacity(opacity: _isCloseState ? 0.0 : 1,duration: Duration(milliseconds: _milliseconds),child: Container(color: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.5),),),),),builder(context, _isCloseState, _milliseconds),],);},);}late OverlayEntry _overlayEntry;bool _isPop = true;/// 显示弹窗/// 小等于0不设置超时void show(BuildContext context, int timeout) async {//显示弹窗Overlay.of(context).insert(_overlayEntry);// 稍微延迟一下，不然动画不动await Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 10));_isCloseState = false;// 重新build启动动画_overlayEntry.markNeedsBuild();_isPop = true;// 启动计时器，timeout秒后执行关闭操作if (timeout > 0) {Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: timeout), () => close());}}/// 关闭弹窗Future<void> close() async {if (_isPop) {_isPop = false;_isCloseState = true;// 重新build启动动画_overlayEntry.markNeedsBuild();// 等待动画结束后再移除涂层await Future.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: _milliseconds));_overlayEntry.remove();onClose();}}void Function() onClose = () {};
}class DialogController {DialogController(this._baseDialog);final BaseDialog _baseDialog;/// 关闭弹窗close() {_baseDialog.close();}/// 显示弹窗show(BuildContext context) {_baseDialog.show(context, 0);}/// 显示一个默认带超时的弹窗/// 小等于0不设置超时void showWithTimeout(BuildContext context, {int timeout = 20}) {_baseDialog.show(context, timeout);}/// 创造一个普通样式的alert弹窗/// 它显示在屏幕中央，具有一个标题和内容描述文本,/// [onBarrierTap]当点击背景时触发factory DialogController.alert({required String title,required String subTitle,bool barrierDismissible = true,Future<bool> Function()? run,void Function()? onCancel,}) {final dialog = BaseDialog(barrierDismissible,AlignmentDirectional.center,);if (onCancel != null) {dialog.onClose = onCancel;}dialog.initContentView((context, isClose, int milliseconds) {return AnimatedOpacity(opacity: isClose ? 0.0 : 1,duration: Duration(milliseconds: milliseconds),child: AlertDialog(title: Text(title),content: Text(subTitle),actions: [FilledButton.tonal(onPressed: () {dialog.close();},child: const Text("取消"),),FilledButton(onPressed: () async {if (run != null) {final r = await run();if (r) dialog.close();} else {dialog.close();}},child: const Text("确认"),)],),);});return DialogController(dialog);}factory DialogController.loadingAlert({String? title,String? subTitle,}) {final dialog = BaseDialog(false,AlignmentDirectional.center,);dialog.initContentView((context, isClose, int milliseconds) {return AnimatedOpacity(opacity: isClose ? 0.0 : 1,duration: Duration(milliseconds: milliseconds),child: AlertDialog(title: Text(title ?? "正在加载"),content: Column(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,children: [const SizedBox(height: 16),const SizedBox(width: 24,height: 24,child: CircularProgressIndicator(strokeWidth: 3,),), // 添加一个加载指示器const SizedBox(height: 16),Text(subTitle ?? '请等待...'), // 提示用户等待],),),);});return DialogController(dialog);}
}

系统Dialog的使用

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void _showDialog() {showDialog(context: context,barrierColor: Colors.transparent, //设置透明底色,自定义也可能会用到builder: (BuildContext context) {return AlertDialog(title: const Text("测试标题"),content: const Text("测试内容"),actions: [TextButton(onPressed: () {},child: const Text('确认'),),TextButton(onPressed: () {},child: const Text('取消'),),],shape:RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10)),);},);}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {_showDialog();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),),);}
}

定制Dialog

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void _showDialog() {showDialog(context: context,barrierColor: Colors.transparent, //设置透明底色builder: (BuildContext context) {return const DialogView(title: "测试标题",message: "测试内容",);},);}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {_showDialog();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),),);}
}//这个弹层一般是通过 showDialog 弹出，实际上相当于跳转了一个新界面，因此返回需通过 Navigator pop回去
class DialogView extends Dialog {final String title;final String message;const DialogView({Key? key, required this.title, required this.message}): super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,body: Center(child: Container(width: 100,height: 150,color: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.7),child: Column(mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,children: [Text(title,style: const TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 14.0)),Text(message,style: const TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 14.0)),TextButton(onPressed: () {//showDialog相当于push，因此自己返回需要popNavigator.pop(context);},child: const Text('返回'),),],),),),);}
}

获取组件偏移量

//组件渲染完成之后，可以通过组价你的context参数，间接获取组件的偏移量RenderBox box = context.findRenderObject() as RenderBox;final local = box.localToGlobal(Offset.zero);debugPrint("组件偏移量：$local");

DropdownButton

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {String? selectValue;@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: DropdownButton(hint: const Text("请选择您要的号码:"),items: getItems(),value: selectValue,onChanged: (value) {debugPrint(value);setState(() {selectValue = value;});},)),);}List<DropdownMenuItem<String>> getItems() {List<DropdownMenuItem<String>> items = [];items.add(const DropdownMenuItem(child: Text("AA"), value: "11"));items.add(const DropdownMenuItem(child: Text("BB"), value: "22",));items.add(const DropdownMenuItem(child: Text("CC"), value: "33",));items.add(const DropdownMenuItem(child: Text("DD"), value: "44",));items.add(const DropdownMenuItem(child: Text("EE"), value: "55",));return items;}}

底部弹窗BottomSheet

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void _showDialog(){showModalBottomSheet(context: context,builder: (BuildContext context) {return Column(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, // 设置最小的弹出children: <Widget>[ListTile(leading: const Icon(Icons.photo_camera),title: const Text("Camera"),onTap: () async {},),ListTile(leading: const Icon(Icons.photo_library),title: const Text("Gallery"),onTap: () async {},),],);});}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {_showDialog();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),),);}
}

PopupMenuButton

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {var items = <String>["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "FF"];@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title),backgroundColor: Colors.greenAccent,actions: <Widget>[PopupMenuButton<String>(itemBuilder: (BuildContext context) {return _getItemBuilder2();},icon: const Icon(Icons.access_alarm),onSelected: (value) {debugPrint(value);},onCanceled: () {},offset: const Offset(200, 100),)],),body: const Center(),);}List<PopupMenuEntry<String>> _getItemBuilder() {return items.map((item) => PopupMenuItem<String>(value: item,child: Text(item),)).toList();}List<PopupMenuEntry<String>> _getItemBuilder2() {return <PopupMenuEntry<String>>[const PopupMenuItem<String>(value: "1",child: ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.share),title: Text('分享'),),),const PopupMenuDivider(), //分割线const PopupMenuItem<String>(value: "2",child: ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.settings),title: Text('设置'),),),];}
}
明确 Flutter 中 dialog 的基本特性
  • Flutter 中 dialog 实际上是一个由 route 直接切换显示的页面，所以使用 Navigator.of(context) 的 push、pop(xx) 方法进行显示、关闭、返回数据
  • Flutter 中有两种风格的 dialog
    • showDialog() 启动的是 material 风格的对话框
    • showCupertinoDialog() 启动的是 ios 风格的对话框
  • Flutter 中有两种样式的 dialog
    • SimpleDialog 使用多个 SimpleDialogOption 为用户提供了几个选项
    • AlertDialog 一个可选标题 title 和一个可选列表的 actions 选项

 showDialog 方法讲解

Future<T> showDialog<T>({@required BuildContext context,bool barrierDismissible = true,@Deprecated('Instead of using the "child" argument, return the child from a closure ''provided to the "builder" argument. This will ensure that the BuildContext ''is appropriate for widgets built in the dialog.') Widget child,WidgetBuilder builder,
}) {.......
}
  • context 上下文对象
  • barrierDismissible 点外面是不是可以关闭，默认是 true 可以关闭的
  • builder 是 widget 构造器
  • FlatButton 标准 AlertDialog 中的按钮必须使用这个类型
  • Navigator.of(context).pop(); 对话框内关闭对话框

 AlertDialog

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void _showDialog() {// 定义对话框showDialog(context: context,barrierDismissible: false,builder: (context) {return AlertDialog(title: const Text("这里是测试标题"),actions: <Widget>[GestureDetector(child: const Text("删除"),onTap: () {debugPrint("删除");Navigator.of(context).pop();},),GestureDetector(child: const Text("取消"),onTap: () {debugPrint("取消");Navigator.of(context).pop();},),],);},);}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {_showDialog();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),),);}
}
自定义对话框

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {var num = 0;@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {showDialog(context: context,builder: (context) {return TestDialog();});},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),)));}
}class TestDialog extends StatefulWidget {@overrideState<StatefulWidget> createState() {return TestDialogState();}
}class TestDialogState extends State<TestDialog> {var num = 0;@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,body: Center(child: Container(color: Colors.greenAccent,child: Column(mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,children: <Widget>[Text(num.toString(),style: const TextStyle(decoration: TextDecoration.none),),Row(mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,children: <Widget>[GestureDetector(child: Text("+"),onTap: () {setState(() {num++;});},),GestureDetector(child: Text("-"),onTap: () {setState(() {num--;});},),],),],),width: 100,height: 200,),));}
}

SimpleDialog

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void _showDialog() {// 定义对话框showDialog(context: context,builder: (context) {return SimpleDialog(title: new Text("SimpleDialog"),children: <Widget>[new SimpleDialogOption(child: new Text("SimpleDialogOption One"),onPressed: () {Navigator.of(context).pop("SimpleDialogOption One");},),new SimpleDialogOption(child: new Text("SimpleDialogOption Two"),onPressed: () {Navigator.of(context).pop("SimpleDialogOption Two");},),new SimpleDialogOption(child: new Text("SimpleDialogOption Three"),onPressed: () {Navigator.of(context).pop("SimpleDialogOption Three");},),],);});}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {_showDialog();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),),);}
}

自定义ios风格对话框

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;@overrideState<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {void showCupertinoDialog() {var dialog = CupertinoAlertDialog(content: Text("你好,我是你苹果爸爸的界面",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20),),actions: <Widget>[CupertinoButton(child: Text("取消"),onPressed: () {Navigator.pop(context);},),CupertinoButton(child: Text("确定"),onPressed: () {Navigator.pop(context);},),],);showDialog(context: context, builder: (_) => dialog);}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,title: Text(widget.title),),body: Center(child: GestureDetector(onTap: () {showCupertinoDialog();},child: const Text('\n点击显示弹窗一\n',),),),);}
}

自定义对话框注意事项

  • 自定义的 dialog 要是太长了超过屏幕长度了，请在外面加一个可以滚动的 SingleChildScrollView
  • 自定义的 dialog 要是有 ListView 的话，必须在最外面加上一个确定宽度和高度的 Container，要不会报错，道理和上面的那条一样的

案例 切换到分支 flutter_custom_widget

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