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【stm32】hal库学习笔记-UART/USART串口通信（超详细！）

news 2025/9/18 2:45:52

【stm32】hal库学习笔记-UART/USART串口通信

hal库驱动函数

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CubeMX图形化配置

导入LCD.ioc
RTC设置
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时钟树配置
设置LSE为RTC时钟源
USART设置
中断设置

程序编写

编写主函数

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */lcd_init();lcd_show_str(10, 10, 16, "Demo12_1:USART1-CH340", RED);lcd_show_str(10, 30, 16, "Please connect board with PC", RED);lcd_show_str(10, 50, 16, "via MiniUSB line before power on", RED);uint8_t hello1[] = "Hello, blocking\n";HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, hello1, sizeof(hello1), 500);HAL_Delay(10);uint8_t hello2[] = "Hello, none blocking\n";HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, hello2, sizeof(hello2));lcd_show_str(10, 90, 16, "Received command string is: ", RED);HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, rxBuffer, RX_CMD_LEN);/* USER CODE END 2 */

在rtc.c中重写回调函数

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
void HAL_RTCEx_WakeUpTimerEventCallback(RTC_HandleTypeDef *hrtc) {RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime;RTC_DateTypeDef sDate;if (HAL_RTC_GetTime(hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN) == HAL_OK) {HAL_RTC_GetDate(hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);uint8_t timeStr[20];sprintf(timeStr, "%2d:%2d:%2d\n", sTime.Hours, sTime.Minutes, sTime.Seconds);lcd_show_str(30, 70, 16, timeStr, BLACK);if (isUploadTime) {HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, timeStr, strlen(timeStr), 200);}}
}
/* USER CODE END 1 */

在usart.h文件中编写定义

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */
#define RX_CMD_LEN 5
extern uint8_t rxBuffer[];
extern uint8_t isUploadTime;
/* USER CODE END Private defines */

编写usart.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#include "rtc.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include <string.h>uint8_t proBuffer[10] = "#S45;\n";
uint8_t rxBuffer[10] = "#H12;\n";
uint8_t rxCompleted = RESET;
uint8_t isUploadTime = 1;
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) {if (huart->Instance == USART1) {rxCompleted = SET;for (uint16_t i = 0; i < RX_CMD_LEN; i++) {proBuffer[i] = rxBuffer[i];__HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_IDLE);}}
}void on_UART_IDLE(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) {if (__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(huart, UART_FLAG_IDLE) == RESET) {return;}__HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(huart);__HAL_UART_DISABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_IDLE);if (rxCompleted) {HAL_UART_Transmit(huart, proBuffer, strlen(proBuffer), 100);HAL_Delay(10);updateRTCTime();lcd_show_str(30, 110, 16, proBuffer, BLACK);rxCompleted = RESET;HAL_UART_Receive_IT(huart, rxBuffer, RX_CMD_LEN);}
}void updateRTCTime() {if (proBuffer[0] != '#') {return;}uint8_t timeSection = proBuffer[1];uint8_t temp10 = proBuffer[2] - '0';uint8_t temp1 = proBuffer[3] - '0';uint8_t value = 10 * temp10 + temp1;if (timeSection == 'U') {isUploadTime = value;return;}RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime;RTC_DateTypeDef sDate;if (HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN) == HAL_OK) {HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);sTime.DayLightSaving = 0;sTime.StoreOperation = 0;if (timeSection == 'H') {sTime.Hours = value;} else if (timeSection == 'M') {sTime.Minutes = value;} else if (timeSection == 'S') {sTime.Seconds = value;}HAL_RTC_SetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);}
}/* USER CODE END 1 */