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前端支持下载模板、导入数据、导出数据（excel格式）

news 2025/8/14 23:05:26

前言

xlsx是由SheetJS开发的一个处理excel文件的npm库,适用于前端开发者实现下载模板、导入导出excel文件等需求，演示的项目的技术栈为vue3 + elementPlus

一. 引入xlsx

安装xlsx

npm install xlsx

引入xlsx

import * as XLSX from 'xlsx';

二. 下载模板

const handleDownloadTemplate = () => {let book = XLSX.utils.book_new();// 实例化一个Sheetlet sheet = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([{'姓名': '','年龄': ''},],{header: ['姓名','年龄',],},);// 将Sheet写入工作簿XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(book, sheet, 'Sheet1');// 写入文件，直接触发浏览器的下载XLSX.writeFile(book, 'xxxx模板.xlsx');
}

三. 导出excel

const handleExportData = () => {let data = [{}]const rs =  _.clone(formConfig.value.formData.details)for (let k in rs[0]) {data[0][k] = formConfig.value.tableMapKeyValue[k]}data = data.concat(rs);downloadExl(data, 'xxx表')
}const downloadExl = (json, downName, type) => {  // 导出到excellet keyMap = [] // 获取键for (let k in json[0]) {keyMap.push(k)}let tmpdata = [] // 用来保存转换好的jsonconst jsonTempData = json.map((v, i) => keyMap.map((k, j) => Object.assign({}, {v: v[k],position: (String.fromCharCode(65 + j)) + (i + 1)})))jsonTempData.reduce((prev, next) => prev.concat(next)).forEach(function (v) {tmpdata[v.position] = {v: v.v}})let outputPos = Object.keys(tmpdata)  // 设置区域,比如表格从A1到D10let tmpWB = {SheetNames: ['mySheet'], // 保存的表标题Sheets: {'mySheet': Object.assign({},tmpdata, // 内容{'!ref': outputPos[0] + ':' + outputPos[outputPos.length - 1] // 设置填充区域})}}let tmpDown = new Blob([s2ab(XLSX.write(tmpWB,{bookType: (type === undefined ? 'xlsx' : type), bookSST: false, type: 'binary'} // 这里的数据是用来定义导出的格式类型))], {type: ''})  // 创建二进制对象写入转换好的字节流const elink = document.createElement('a');elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(tmpDown)  // 创建对象超链接elink.download = downName + '.xlsx'  // 下载名称elink.click()  // 模拟点击实现下载setTimeout(function () {  // 延时释放URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 用URL.revokeObjectURL()来释放这个object URL}, 100)
}// 字符串转字符流
const s2ab = (s) => {const buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length)const view = new Uint8Array(buf);for (var i = 0; i !== s.length; ++i) {view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF}return buf
}

四. 导入excel

导入excel的核心就是解析excel表的数据，转换成我们想要的格式，诸如

[{name: 'jack',age:15}]

这样的格式
导入的组件是用到elementPlus中的el-upload组件

Html

<el-uploadref="uploadRef"accept=".xls, .xlsx":auto-upload="false":limit="1":on-exceed="OnFileExceed":on-change="OnFileChange"style="margin: 0 8px"><el-button type="primary" plain :loading="loading"><el-icon v-if="!loading" class="el-icon--upload"><el-icon-upload-filled /></el-icon>&nbsp;<slot>导入数据</slot></el-button></el-upload>
</template>

const OnFileChange = (uploadFile, _) => {// 隐藏文件列表展示uploadRef.value.clearFiles(['success', 'ready', 'uploading', 'fail']);// 上传、解析excel数据ImportExcel(uploadFile.raw);};function ImportExcel(filetemp) {file.value = filetemp;// 通过DOM取文件数据f.value = file.valuevar reader = new FileReader();FileReader.prototype.readAsBinaryString = function(f) {var binary = "";var wb; //读取完成的数据var outdata;var reader = new FileReader();reader.onload = function(e) {var bytes = new Uint8Array(reader.result);var length = bytes.byteLength;for(var i = 0; i < length; i++) {binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);}wb = XLSX.read(binary, {type: 'binary'});outdata = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);//outdata就是你想要的东西this.da = [...outdata]const arr = this.da.map((v) => {const obj = {};Object.entries(props.formConfig.tableMapKeyValue).forEach(([key, value]) => {obj[key] = v[value];});return obj;});emit('uploadExcelData',arr)return arr}reader.readAsArrayBuffer(f.value);}reader.readAsBinaryString(f);}