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SpringBoot+策略模式实现多种文件存储模式

news 2025/8/10 15:45:57

一、策略模式

背景

针对某种业务可能存在多种实现方式；传统方式是通过传统if…else…或者switch代码判断；

弊端：

代码可读性差
扩展性差
难以维护

策略模式简介

策略模式是一种行为型模式，它将对象和行为分开，将行为定义为一个行为接口和具体行为的实现。

组成：

抽象策略类(Strategy)：策略的抽象；
具体策略类(ConcreteStrategy)：具体的策略实现，一种具体实现；
环境类(Context)：用来操作策略的上下文环境；

二、代码实现

以文件存储方式为例

抽象策略类

package com.qiangesoft.file.core;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;/*** 文件存储策略接口** @author qiangesoft* @date 2024-01-06*/
public interface FileStoreStrategy {/*** 存储方式** @return*/String getType();/*** 上传文件** @param file* @return* @throws Exception*/void uploadFile(MultipartFile file) throws Exception;
}

具体策略实现

本地存储

package com.qiangesoft.file.core.local;import com.qiangesoft.file.core.FileStoreStrategy;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;/*** 文件本地存储** @author qiangesoft* @date 2024-01-06*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class LocalStoreStrategyImpl implements FileStoreStrategy {@Overridepublic String getType() {return "LOCAL";}@Overridepublic void uploadFile(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {log.info("upload file by local");}
}

minio存储

package com.qiangesoft.file.core.minio;import com.qiangesoft.file.core.FileStoreStrategy;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;/*** 文件minio对象存储** @author qiangesoft* @date 2024-01-06*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MinioStoreStrategyImpl implements FileStoreStrategy {@Overridepublic String getType() {return "MINIO";}@Overridepublic void uploadFile(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {log.info("upload file by minio");}
}

策略上下文环境

package com.qiangesoft.file.core;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;/*** 文件存储策略上下文** @author qiangesoft* @date 2024-01-06*/
@Component
public class FileStoreStrategyContext {/*** 策略实现类上下文*/private final Map<String, FileStoreStrategy> strategyMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();/*** 利用Spring的发现机制，将实现了FileStoreStrategy的类都放到strategyMap里面*/public FileStoreStrategyContext(List<FileStoreStrategy> fileStoreStrategyList) {for (FileStoreStrategy strategy : fileStoreStrategyList) {String type = strategy.getType();if (this.strategyMap.containsKey(type)) {throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Strategy [%s] is repeat!", type));}this.strategyMap.put(type, strategy);}}/*** 获取具体的策略实现类** @param storeType* @return*/public FileStoreStrategy getStrategy(String storeType) {FileStoreStrategy strategy = strategyMap.get(storeType);if (strategy == null) {throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Strategy [%s] is not found!", storeType));}return strategy;}
}

调用

package com.qiangesoft.file.demo;import com.qiangesoft.file.core.FileStoreStrategy;
import com.qiangesoft.file.core.FileStoreStrategyContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** Demo** @author qiangesoft* @date 2024-01-08*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo")
public class DemoController {@Autowiredprivate FileStoreStrategyContext fileStoreStrategyContext;@GetMapping("/upload")public String upload(String type) throws Exception {FileStoreStrategy fileStoreStrategy = fileStoreStrategyContext.getStrategy(type);fileStoreStrategy.uploadFile(null);return fileStoreStrategy.getType();}}