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HttpUtils——助力高效网络通信

news 2025/7/26 8:58:16

使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可:

1、创建HttpClient对象。
2、创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，
创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
3、如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost
共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；
对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)
方法来设置请求参数。
4、调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)
发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5、调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)
等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，
该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6、释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

引入依赖

  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.13</version></dependency>

工具类

@Slf4j
public class HttpUtils {public static String defaultEncoding = "utf-8";/*** 发送http post请求，并返回响应实体** @param url 请求地址* @return url响应实体*/public static String postRequest(String url) {return postRequest(url, null, null);}/*** <p>方法名: postRequest</p>* <p>描述: 发送httpPost请求</p>** @param url* @param params* @return*/public static String postRequest(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {return postRequest(url, null, params);}/*** 发送http post请求，并返回响应实体** @param url     访问的url* @param headers 请求需要添加的请求头* @param params  请求参数* @return*/public static String postRequest(String url, Map<String, String> headers,Map<String, Object> params) {String result = null;CloseableHttpClient httpClient = buildHttpClient();HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);if (null != headers && headers.size() > 0) {for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {String key = entry.getKey();String value = entry.getValue();httpPost.addHeader(new BasicHeader(key, value));}}if(isJSON(params.toString())){/*** json格式*/StringEntity requestEntity = new StringEntity(params.toString(), "utf-8");requestEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity);}else{/*** 名称值对节点类型*/if (null != params && params.size() > 0) {List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(params.size());for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());pairList.add(pair);}httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, Charset.forName(defaultEncoding)));}}try {CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);try {HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();if (entity != null) {log.info("【POST请求信息】,请求地址:{},请求参数:{}", url, params);result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, Charset.forName(defaultEncoding));log.info("【POST请求信息】,请求地址:{},请求参数:{},返回结果:{}", url, params,result);}} finally {response.close();}} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();} finally {try {httpClient.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}/*** 发送http get请求** @param url 请求url* @return url返回内容*/public static String getRequest(String url) {return getRequest(url, null);}/*** 发送http get请求** @param url    请求的url* @param params 请求的参数* @return*/public static String getRequest(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {return getRequest(url, null, params);}/*** 发送http get请求** @param url        请求的url* @param headersMap 请求头* @param params     请求的参数* @return*/public static String getRequest(String url, Map<String, String> headersMap, Map<String, Object> params) {String result = null;CloseableHttpClient httpClient = buildHttpClient();try {String apiUrl = url;if (null != params && params.size() > 0) {StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();int i = 0;for (String key : params.keySet()) {if (i == 0)param.append("?");elseparam.append("&");param.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));i++;}apiUrl += param;}HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(apiUrl);if (null != headersMap && headersMap.size() > 0) {for (Entry<String, String> entry : headersMap.entrySet()) {String key = entry.getKey();String value = entry.getValue();httpGet.addHeader(new BasicHeader(key, value));}}CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);try {HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();if (null != entity) {log.info("【GET请求信息】,请求地址:{},请求参数:{}", url, params);result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, defaultEncoding);log.info("【GET请求信息】,请求地址:{},请求参数:{},返回结果:{}", url, params,result);}} finally {response.close();}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {httpClient.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}/*** 创建httpclient,支持http、https** @return*/public static CloseableHttpClient buildHttpClient() {try {RegistryBuilder<ConnectionSocketFactory> builder = RegistryBuilder.create();ConnectionSocketFactory factory = new PlainConnectionSocketFactory();builder.register("http", factory);KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());SSLContext context = SSLContexts.custom().useTLS().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustStrategy() {public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {return true;}}).build();LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(context,SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);builder.register("https", sslFactory);Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = builder.build();PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager manager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);ConnectionConfig connConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom().setCharset(Charset.forName(defaultEncoding)).build();SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom().setSoTimeout(100000).build();manager.setDefaultConnectionConfig(connConfig);manager.setDefaultSocketConfig(socketConfig);return HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(manager).build();} catch (KeyStoreException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (KeyManagementException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}public static boolean isJSON(String str) {boolean result = false;try {Object obj=JSON.parse(str);result = true;} catch (Exception e) {result=false;}return result;}public static void main(String[] args) {String url1 = "http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get1";String result = HttpUtils.getRequest(url1);System.out.println(result);String url2 = "http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get2";Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();params.put("name", "一安未来1");params.put("addr", "北京1");String result2 = HttpUtils.postRequest(url2, null,params);System.out.println(result2);String url3 = "http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get3";JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();jsonObject.put("name", "一安未来2");jsonObject.put("addr", "北京2");String result3 = HttpUtils.postRequest(url3, null,jsonObject);System.out.println(result3);}【GET请求信息】,请求地址:http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get1,请求参数:null
【GET请求信息】,请求地址:https://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get1,请求参数:null,返回结果:{"result":"success"}【POST请求信息】,请求地址:http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get2,请求参数:{name=一安未来1, addr=北京1}
【POST请求信息】,请求地址:http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get2,请求参数:{name=一安未来1, addr=北京1},返回结果:{"name":"一安未来1","addr":"北京1"}【POST请求信息】,请求地址:http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get3,请求参数:{"name":"一安未来2","addr":"北京2"}
【POST请求信息】,请求地址:http://192.168.56.101:8196/test/get3,请求参数:{"name":"一安未来2","addr":"北京2"},返回结果:{"name":"一安未来2","addr":"北京2"}}

接口类

@RestController
public class TestController {@GetMapping("get1")public String test1(){return "{\"result\":\"success\"}";}@PostMapping("get2")private Map<String, Object> test2(@RequestParam Map<String,Object> map){return map;}@PostMapping("get3")private Map test3(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){return map;}}
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