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fastapi实现websocket在线聊天

news 2025/7/30 10:49:39

最近要实现一个在线聊天功能，基于fastapi的websocket实现了这个功能。下面介绍一下遇到的技术问题

1.问题难点

在线上环境部署时，一般是多进程的方式进行部署启动fastapi服务，而每个启动的进程都有自己的独立存储空间。导致存储的连接对象分布在不同的进程中，当进行通信时，可能无法找到已连接的连接对象。

2.解决方案

使用使用redis的订阅发布机制，使所有的进程都能进行消息订阅。这样能保证每个进程收到消息后都会进行相关的信息处理了。

3.方案设计

每个进程启动的时候都进行一个消息的订阅。
通过http请求，进行消息发布。
每个进程收到发布的消息后，进行判断是否由自己进行处理。

4.代码实现

①在服务启动时，进行消息订阅，并一直监听消息通道。当有消息发布时，进行消息处理。

# 初始化app
app = FastAPI(title="Ws Chat", description="测试", version="1.0.0")
app.openapi_version = "3.0.0"app.include_router(chat.app, prefix='/api/chat', tags=['Chat'])@app.on_event('startup')
async def on_startup():print(f"订阅初始化:{os.getpid()}")# 执行消息订阅机制https://aioredis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()loop.create_task(register_pubsub())async def reader(channel):# 进行消息的消费async for msg in channel.listen():  # 监听通道# print(msg)msg_data = msg.get("data")if msg_data and isinstance(msg_data, str):msg_data_dict = json.loads(msg_data)print(f"chat:{msg_data_dict}")sender = msg_data_dict.get("sender")# 进行消息处理await chat.cm.handle_websocket_message(msg_data_dict, sender)async def register_pubsub():pool = aioredis.from_url("redis://{}".format(host), db=db, password=password, port=port, encoding="utf-8", decode_responses=True)psub = pool.pubsub()async with psub as p:# 消息订阅await p.subscribe("chat")await reader(p)await p.unsubscribe("chat")

②websocket处理类

from fastapi import WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnectclass ConnectionManager:def __init__(self):# 保存当前所有的链接的websocket对象self.websocket_connections = {}async def connect(self, websocket: WebSocket, client_id):# 添加连接并发送欢迎消息await websocket.accept()self.websocket_connections[client_id] = websocketawait websocket.send_json({"type": "system","msg": "Welcome to the chat app!","sender": "system","recipient": client_id})try:# 处理消息while True:# 获取信息message = await websocket.receive_json()# 处理发送信息await self.handle_websocket_message(message, client_id)except WebSocketDisconnect:# 连接断开时移除连接del self.websocket_connections[client_id]async def handle_websocket_message(self, message: dict, client_id):# 处理私聊消息if message.get("type") == "private_message":recipient = message.get("recipient")msg = message.get("msg")recipient_conn = self.websocket_connections.get(recipient)if recipient_conn:# 在线await recipient_conn.send_json({"type": "private_message","sender": client_id,"msg": msg,"recipient": recipient})async def broadcast(self, message: dict):# 循环变量给所有在线激活的链接发送消息-全局广播for connection in self.websocket_connections:await connection.send_text(message)async def close(self, websocket: WebSocket, client_id):# 断开客户端的链接await websocket.close()del self.websocket_connections[client_id]async def disconnect(self, user_id):websocket: WebSocket = self.websocket_connections[user_id]await websocket.close()del self.websocket_connections[user_id]

③websocket连接

from app.chat_manager.server import ConnectionManagercm = ConnectionManager()@app.websocket("/connect_chat")
async def connect_chat(websocket: WebSocket, user_code: str):try:await cm.connect(websocket, user_code)except WebSocketDisconnect:# 连接断开时移除连接del cm.websocket_connections[user_code]

④http请求进行消息发布

@app.post("/create_chat", summary="发起聊天")
async def create_chat(param: DiagnosisChatSch, r=Depends(get_redis)):""""""ws_param = {"type": "private_message","msg": param.msg,"sender": param.sender,"recipient": param.recipient}# 进行消息发布await r.publish('diagnosis_chat', json.dumps(ws_param))return {'code': 200, 'msg': '成功', 'data': ''}