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OpenGL的学习之路-3

news 2025/8/3 0:29:57

前面1、2介绍的都是glut编程

下面就进行opengl正是部分啦。

1.绘制点

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>void myMainWinDraw();int main(int argc,char** argv) {glutInit(&argc,argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow("Hello");glutDisplayFunc(myMainWinDraw);glutMainLoop();return 0;
}void myMainWinDraw(){glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);//设置清除色glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); //清除颜色缓冲区float a[2];glGetFloatv(GL_POINT_SIZE_RANGE,a);std::cout<<a[0]<<"---"<<a[1]<<"\n";   //输出的是，点大小的范围（不过没有这么严格）glPointSize(10);   //设置点的大小glBegin(GL_POINTS);#if 0(0.5f,0.4f);(-0.5f,0.4f,0.0f);(0.0f,-0.4f,0.0f);#elseglColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);  //为点设置颜色glVertex3f(0.5f,0.4f,0.0f); //该语句可绘制glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(-0.5f,0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.4f,0.0f);#endif // 0glEnd();glFlush();
}

这里留下小思考题：

掷骰子是随机事件，现在平面上有三个点A、B、C，还有一个点P，位置可随机。令点A代表骰子的点数为1、4，点B代表骰子的点数为2、5，点C代表骰子的点数为3、6。现在开始扔，如果扔的点数为1或者4，那么取AP的中点作为新的P；如果扔到2或者5，则取BP的中点作为新的P；如果扔到的点数为3，6，则同理取CP的中点作为新的P。同时，要把每次取得的新的P绘制出来，并保持与相应的A或B或C同色。前面一定次数（如前20次），我们先不画点（还未进入稳态），后面再开始绘制。看看最终得到的图形是什么样子。

结果很奇妙！

明明是随机的，却呈现了规律性。赞叹数学、赞叹科学？是的，但我也想赞叹让我知道这个的我的老师。

2.绘制线

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>void myMainWinDraw();int main(int argc,char** argv) {glutInit(&argc,argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow("Hello");glutDisplayFunc(myMainWinDraw);glutMainLoop();return 0;
}void myMainWinDraw(){glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glLineWidth(2);glBegin(GL_LINES);#if 0glVertex3f(0.5f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.5f,0.4f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,0.4f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.4f,0.0f);
#elseglColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.5f,0.0f,0.0f);glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.5f,0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.4f,0.0f);#endifglEnd();glFlush();}

两点连成一条直线。点和点之间是配对的，如果给的点的个数是奇数，那么最后一个点没有找到和他配对的点，会不起作用。

关于颜色：

默认状态，是两边点颜色的线性插值，结果如下：

如果不想这样，就需要 glShadeModel(GL_FLAT) 变成：

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) 和 glShadeModel(GL_FLAT) ！！

联系：绘制环

glBegin(GL_LINES_LOOP) :给出的两个相邻的点首尾相连，最后一个点和第一个点相连，构成环。两种颜色模式下：

3.绘制三角形

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>void myMainWinDraw();int main(int argc,char** argv) {glutInit(&argc,argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow("Hello");glutDisplayFunc(myMainWinDraw);glutMainLoop();return 0;
}void myMainWinDraw(){glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);//glShadeModel(GL_FLAT); //GL_SMOOTHglBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);#if 0glVertex3f(0.5f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.5f,0.4f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,0.4f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.4f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.3f,-0.4f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.2f,0.0f);
#elseglColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.5f,0.0f,0.0f);glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.5f,0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(0.3f,-0.4f,0.0f);glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(0.0f,-0.2f,0.0f);#endifglEnd();glFlush();}

三个点一组，绘制一个三角形。

推广：

（后面几个平时用不太到）

4.绘制的线型

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>void myMainWinDraw();int main(int argc,char** argv)
{glutInit(&argc,argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow("Hello");glutDisplayFunc(myMainWinDraw);glutMainLoop();return 0;
}void myMainWinDraw(){glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glLineWidth(2);glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);glLineStipple(1,0xF0F0);  //第一个参数是重复度、第二个参数代表线型glBegin(GL_LINES);glVertex3f(0.5f, 0.4f ,0.0f);glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.4f ,0.0f);glEnd();glLineWidth(10);glLineStipple(5,0xF0F0);glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glBegin(GL_LINES);glVertex3f(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f);glEnd();glLineWidth(20);glLineStipple(3,0x7555);glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glBegin(GL_LINES);glVertex3f(0.5f, -0.4f, 0.0f);glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.8f,0.0f);glEnd();glLineWidth(5);glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);glVertex3f(-0.8f,  0.8f, 0.0f);glVertex3f(-0.8f, -0.8f, 0.0f);glVertex3f( 0.8f, -0.8f, 0.0f);glVertex3f( 0.8f,  0.8f, 0.0f);glEnd();glFlush();}

新的知识点：

1. glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE) ：将开关打开

2. glLineStipple(1,0xF0F0）：第一个参数是重复度，第二个参数是线型。这里是，1111000011110000。如果将第一个参数改为2，那么将变成1111111100000000...这个样子。

绘制结果：

5.多边形绘制的模式（填充/线框）

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>void myMainWinDraw();int main(int argc,char** argv)
{glutInit(&argc,argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow("Hello");glutDisplayFunc(myMainWinDraw);glutMainLoop();return 0;
}void myMainWinDraw(){glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_FILL);glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_LINE);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glVertex2f(-1.0f, 0.0f);glVertex2f( 0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex2f( 0.0f, 1.0f);glEnd();glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_LINE);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glVertex2f( 1.0f, 0.0f);glVertex2f( 0.0f, 1.0f);glVertex2f( 0.0f, 1.0f);glEnd();glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_FILL);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glVertex2f(  0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex2f( -1.0f, 0.0f);glVertex2f(  0.0f,-1.0f);glEnd();glFrontFace(GL_CW);glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_FILL);glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_LINE);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glVertex2f(  0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex2f(  0.0f,-1.0f);glVertex2f(  1.0f, 0.0f);glEnd();glFlush();
}